Saturday, May 23, 2020

Price Reduction And Unethical Purchasing Behaviour

After the research finds out that price is a factor to cause the gap, it will continue to investigate more on to what extend the price offers convinced customer to unethically purchase and abandon their ethical intention. As shown on figure 4.4.2, the mean scores tend to increase along with the increasing in the degree of price reduction of unethical products for both Thais and UK charts. This means that both nations tend to accept unethical garment if it offer a price reduction. Also, on every degrees of price saving, Thai have more tendency to buy unethically made cloth than UK. To clarify, both of the chart from Thailand and UK show a linear distribution and have a positive relationship between price reduction and unethical purchasing behaviour. This is another evidence to suggest that the rival of ethical product price is a factor that makes people neglect their ethical goals. Also, it suggests that price sensitivity of customers are a factor that widen the gap. The result is cor responding with Jà ¤gel et al. (2012), and Creyer and Ross (1997) as they suggested that without price reduction on ethical product people will find a cheaper alternative and emphasize more on price than ethical issues. As the scale are ranged between 1 to 7, the mean score of price saving of 10% are pretty closed to the scale of 1 which is extremely unlikely for both of the Thai and UK chart with the mean score of 2.63 for Thais and 3.04 for UK. On the opposite side, it also show the mean scoresShow MoreRelatedThe Expansion Of Multinational Corporations ( Mncs ) Essay900 Words   |  4 Pagesgeographies of retail connecting production, distribution and consumption. MNCs growth has led to greater purchasing power of companies as they expand. Purchasing power can be used to impact upon the geographies of retail production through processes of restructuring, merges and divestment (Alexander and Quinn, 2002). Large retailers use their power to transform the market. In the case of Toyota, purchasing power was used for the acquisition of companies. In 2000 a branch of Toyota purchased BT IndustriesRead MoreBusiness Report : Sainsburys Plc1745 Words   |  7 PagesSainsbury’s incentivises in making lives easier by delivering fair prices and quality services; location being key focus, seeing growth in both convenience and discount stores, enticing more consumers every day. J Sainsbury’s plc (2015) Strategic Report is divided in two sections; the non-financial KPIs are: Product Quality, Like-for-Like Transactions, Price perception, Sales growth, Service growth by Area/Channel, Availability and Customer Service that focuses on social respo nsibility as FredrickRead MoreWal Mart s Social Responsibility And Consumer Purchasing Behaviors2664 Words   |  11 PagesIn a fiercely competitive economy, good social reputations are companies’ biggest asset. Copious recent research established direct correlations between companies’ social responsibility and consumer purchasing behaviours. As consumers have more substitution options, it is easier to boycott unethical companies. In the recent decade, Wal-Mart has been entangled in a series of legal and ethical battle around the world. Hiring illegal immigrant worker , refusing to pay overtime fee , discriminatingRead MoreBusiness Report : Sainsburys Plc1664 Words   |  7 PagesSainsbury’s incentivise in making lives easier by delivering fair prices and quality services; location being key focus for both convenience and discount stores increasingly growing, enticing more consumers every day. J Sainsbury’s plc (2015) Strategic Report is divided in two sections; the non-financial KPIs are: Product Quality, Like-for-Like Transactions, Price perception, Sales growth, Service growth by Area/Channel, Availability and Customer Service that focuses on social responsibility as FredrickRead MoreInfluence Of Consumer Behavior On Corporate Social Responsibility2162 Words   |  9 PagesPart I. How Consumer Behaviour has, should or could actually influence CSR issues? The current report aims to highlight the influence of consumer behaviour on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) issues and present a broad understanding of the role of sustainability in consumption by reflecting on my own personal consumption practices. For the purposes of this report, we will use the European Commission’s definition of CSR as being â€Å"the responsibility of enterprises for their impacts on society†Read MoreManagement and Study Unit41775 Words   |  168 PagesPROGRAMME IN PURCHASING AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE 2 PURCHASING AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT PPSM026 i  © 2011 University of South Africa All rights reserved Printed and published by the University of South Africa Muckleneuk, Pretoria Author: Ms Irma Fourie PPSM026/1/2011-2013 ii PURCHASING AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT (PPSM026) CONTENTS TOPIC 1: THE PURCHASING FUNCTION: AN OVERVIEW The purchasing function in perspective The task of purchasing and supply management Purchasing processesRead MoreManagement and Study Unit41787 Words   |  168 PagesPROGRAMME IN PURCHASING AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE 2 PURCHASING AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT PPSM026 i  © 2011 University of South Africa All rights reserved Printed and published by the University of South Africa Muckleneuk, Pretoria Author: Ms Irma Fourie PPSM026/1/2011-2013 ii PURCHASING AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT (PPSM026) CONTENTS TOPIC 1: THE PURCHASING FUNCTION: AN OVERVIEW The purchasing function in perspective The task of purchasing and supply management Purchasing processes andRead MoreConsumer Behavior Challenge2374 Words   |  10 Pagesmarket the netbook in the U.S so that it can be a successful sale. However, there are challenges or consumer behavior issues that HP could face when trying to introduce this marketing strategy (Luchs, 2012). HP would need to understand that as the purchasing behaviors of customers change, so do the marketing methods businesses utilize to sell their merchandises. To provide consumers products they desire, HP will have to be able to recognize what issues are having an influence customers to buy. WithRead MoreGlobal Business Environmental Forces5642 Words   |  23 Pagesconcern, commitment to duty, initiative and resourceful, dependability, willingness and readiness to perform, interpersonal skills, personal effectiven ess where some of the undesirable behaviors were indiscipline, unreliability, job incompetency, unethical behaviors, unsystematic and unorganized approach to job. Buddha Air and Yeti Airlines concentrates on modern technological advances to design a systematic communication channel, participatory management, more training programs and workshops, rewardsRead MoreMotivation by Commission Based Pay4502 Words   |  19 Pagesselling agent has two direct tasks: (1) prospecting for customers and (2) advising on the product’s suitability for the specific needs of the customers. Consumers usually rely on information and advice provided by representatives of a seller when purchasing unfamiliar products. Therefore, having a knowledgable and ethical sales force is key to having a high customer service company that will lead to customers being satisfied. Yet comanies fail to realize that having their sales staff on commission

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Assessment Of Noise Of Cardiac Hospital A Case Study For...

Assessment of noise environment in cardiac hospital - A case study for an Indian city. (Ahmed Tembhurkar, 2014) According to Ahmed and Tembhurkar (2014), there is a crucial concern within the hospital environment when it comes to the impact of noise in sensitive areas, especially for cardiac patients. The significance to nursing is made clear when Ahmed and Tembhurker (2014) states that there needs to be a serious effort to control noise in order to reduce the negative impact on patients and staff. A correlational quantitative design was used for this study Ahmed and Tembhurkar (2014) testing the relationship between noise level and hospital location. As far as threats to validity, the noise measurement device was calibrated before†¦show more content†¦The sample size consisted of 1,200 patients that had undergone open heart surgery at a hospital in Denmark (Greve Pedersen, 2016). In order to address rigor of the data the principal author met with the participants each morning to make sure they answered the questions in the diary and help them complete the questions (Greve Pederse n, 2016). Some of the limitations associated with the study were as followed: unable to randomize participants into the control and treatment groups, data collection ended two months after operation, and the dissimilarity between polysomnography and subjective data (Greve Pedersen, 2016). Some of the strengths were as followed: the education material was taught to the nurses by the principal author and subjective feeling of sleep quality improved (Greve Pedersen, 2016). Patient satisfaction with their pain management and comfort level after open heart surgery. (Karabulut, Aktas, Gà ¼rà §ayir, Yilmaz, Gà ¶kmen, 2015) The problem is stated clearly as pain can be severe after open heart surgery. In relation to nursing, â€Å"pain after surgery decreases the quality of life of the patients and affects their comfort level† (Karabulut et al., 2015, p.17). This qualitative research study uses surveys and general comfort scales to collect patient data. The sample consisted of 52 patients that had undergone open heart surgery at RegionShow MoreRelatedIphs Standards for 100 Bedded Hospital16137 Words   |  65 PagesDRAFT Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS) For 51 to 100 Bedded Sub-District/Sub-Divisional Hospitals GUIDELINES (January 2007) Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health Family Welfare Government of India 1 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Objectives of IPHS for Sub-District Hospitals 3. Definition of Sub-District Hospital 4. Grading of Sub-District Hospital 5. Functions 6. Essential Services 7. Physical Infrastructure 8. Manpower 9. Equipment 10. Laboratory Services 11. RecommendedRead MoreImportant Law Enforcement Facts19721 Words   |  79 Pages | |The deadliest day in law enforcement history was September 11, 2001, when 70 law enforcement officers were killed in the terrorist| |attacks at the World Trade Center in New York City. | |   | |Averages: Read More2006 Arroyo Case Study31910 Words   |  128 PagesArroyo Fresco Community Health Center Case Study 2006 National Institute of Standards and Technology Technology Administration †¢ Department of Commerce Baldrige National Quality Program Arroyo Fresco Community Health Center Case Study The Arroyo Fresco Community Health Center Case Study was prepared for use in the 2006 Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Examiner Preparation Course. The Arroyo Fresco Community Health Center Case Study describes a fictitious nonprofit organizationRead More2006 Arroyo Case Study31910 Words   |  128 PagesProg ra m Arroyo Fresco Community Health Center Case Study 2006 National Institute of Standards and Technology Technology Administration †¢ Department of Commerce Baldrige National Quality Program Arroyo Fresco Community Health Center Case Study The Arroyo Fresco Community Health Center Case Study was prepared for use in the 2006 Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Examiner Preparation Course. The Arroyo Fresco Community Health Center Case Study describes a fictitious nonprofit organizationRead MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 Pagesoutline ve discovery skills that distinguish innovative entrepreneurs and executives from ordinary managers: Associating, Questioning, Observing, Networking, and Experimenting. Once you master these competencies (the authors provide a self assessment for rating your own innovator’s DNA), the authors explain how you can generate ideas, collaborate with colleagues to implement them, and build innovation skills throughout your organization to sharpen its competitive edge. at innovation advantageRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages mymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Vygotsky s Theory Of The Zone Of Proximal Development

In chapter 9 of the textbook â€Å"Children† by John Santrock, Vygotsky’s theory of the zone of proximal development was discussed. The zone of proximal development is the space in which learning is accomplished. Within this zone, you are taking into account the skills that children can complete by themselves and also the skills that they would have the ability to complete with some help. With the zone of proximal development, you are looking at what a child can accomplish by them self, which is called the lower limit. Along with looking at those skills, you are looking at what the child can then accomplish with some help, which is called the upper limit. According to Vygotsky, the space between the lower limit and the upper limit is where the most beneficial learning for that child takes place. When the learning is occurring the lower and upper limits will move to allow for the newly learned material, this movement is called scaffolding. In order to learn about putting the theory of the zone of proximal development into practice, I went to the Wegmans Playground on the 16th of October at 2:00 pm to observe children learning in this environment. I observed a Caucasian female, about three and a half feet tall. She was wearing clean clothing and accompanied by a woman. The girl was smiling and running around and talking with the woman who had accompanied her. When she attempted to go up on the monkey bars by herself, she was able to get up to the bar and hold on but was unable toShow MoreRelatedCollaborative Learning : The Theory Of Vygotsky s Conception Of Zone Of Proximal Development1951 Words   |  8 PagesCollaborative learning stems from the theory of Vygotsky’s conception of Zone of proximal development. The thought is that children learn best with â€Å"help and guidance† (Ormrod, 2012). In transitioning this zone to a collaborative learning experience, children work with their peers in broadeni ng their learning experience, allowing small groups of students to work together to share knowledge, exchange ideas, problem solve, and more. These classroom environments help to create durable abilities inRead MorePiaget vs. Vygotsky1120 Words   |  5 PagesThe theory of cognitive development is defined as the development of the ability to think and reason. There are many theorists who have studied cognitive theories and the most famous is Jean Piaget. Cognitive development covers the physical and emotional stages of a child. The basic premise for cognitive development is to show the different stages of the development of a child so you can understand where the child might be in their development. Understanding cognitive development will betterRead MoreVygotsky s Theory Of Internalisation1709 Words   |  7 Pages Vygotsky also introduced his theory of internalisation, one of the main concepts that differentiated from that of Jean Piaget (Duchesne, S., McMaugh, A. 2016. P.103). The theory of internalisation put forward by Vygotsky is an idea that suggests an individual is able to observe and internalise the ideas and processes of their surroundings as they partake in social interaction defined as, â€Å"new ways of thinking† (Duchesne, S., McMaugh, A.,2016p.103). During social interaction the individualsRead MoreVygotsky s Theory On Cognitive Development Essay733 Words   |  3 Pages â…“ of a page on vygotsky Lev Semionovich Vygotsky was a Russian psychologist and constructivist learning theorist who was known for arguing against the theories of psychologist Jean Piaget. Piaget believed that in order for any learning to occur there had to development within the individual first, but Vygotsky argued the contrary. He argued that in order for development to occur, the individual would first have to have learning take place through instruction and example in a given appropriate environmentRead MoreVygotsky s Theory Of Cognitive Development917 Words   |  4 Pagesand Margetts (2012) demonstrate that cognitive development is much more than the addition of new facts and ideas to an existing store of information - maturation, activity and social transmission influence cognitive development. One very respected researcher of cognitive development and, in particular, sociocultural effects on such development, was Lev Vygotsky, whose original Russian journal articles are now available in English. Vygotsky’s theory revolves around peer-mediated learning, and hasRead MoreJean Piaget And Vygotsky And Language Development In Children1748 Words   |  7 PagesJean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky are two influential thinkers who have impacted the speech and language pathology field with their key theories. Piaget believed that there are four main stages in a child’s development that lead to a child learning language. Without these stages, Piaget argues that a child cannot cognitively grow at an appropriate pace (Kaderavek, 2105, p. 18 and p. 23). However, Vygotsky argues the Social Interactionist Theory, which states children develop language through social interactingRead MoreVygotsky s Theories Theory Theories994 Words   |  4 PagesPSY112 Assignment #1 Devyn Crocker Vygotsky’s Theories Vygotsky’s theories jumped out at me because I thought that this was an interesting topic of choice.I am very interested in learning how children develop, not only in the classroom, but also outside the classroom. I was curious if a scientist believed that nurture is what helps children to learn and develop instead of just being born that way with nature. In my opinion, the way children are raised is the way they learn and develop their attitudesRead MorePiaget And Vygotsky Theory Of Cognitive Development Essay826 Words   |  4 Pagescognitive development and, highlight both Piaget and Vygotsky’s theory as it relates to cognitive development, and the significant differences between them. The term cognitive development refers to the process of growth and change in intellectual, mental abilities such as thinking, reasoning and understanding. It comprises of the acquisition and consolidation of knowledge. Infants draw on social-emotional, language, motor, and perceptual experience and abilities for cognitive development. AccordingRead MoreVygotsky s Theory Of Human Development1386 Words   |  6 PagesLev Vygotsky was an educator and a theorist known primarily for his sociocultural theory. Vygotsky developed the sociocultural theory, which is the theory of human development through social and cultural influences (Aimin, 2013), during the 1920’s-30’s. One of Vygotsky’s focuses was the concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD), which is the idea of a child being appropriately challenged, this will be discussed further on. His theory stemmed from how children’s learning is impacted greatlyRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1519 Words   |  7 Pagesboth Piaget and Vygotskian theories in the sense that they describe how the child s mind develops through different forms of stimuli that occur during early childhood. Piaget s theory focuses mainly on things such as; how children think; how the world around them is perceived and how the newly found info rmation is explained through the language they use. Vygotsky s theory however differs as the effects of different forms of social interaction occur in cognitive development such as; internalisation;

Jean Piaget Free Essays

The history of psychology dates back to the ancient Greeks, Callahan and India. There are even some records of psychology dating back to ancient Egypt. Psychology is the study of the human mind and it’s functions. We will write a custom essay sample on Jean Piaget or any similar topic only for you Order Now It used to be a branch of philosophy, but in the asses it developed into an independent science, when Wilhelm Wound founded the first laboratory dedicated to psychology. In the ancient times, psychology had to do with evil spirits and souls, which remedies were incinerations and curses. Right now, In modern times, we know that psychology has nothing to do with that, but with the rain and the way it works. Jean Pigged was born In Nucleus, Switzerland in 1896. He did his license and PhD on biology at the university of his hometown. It was his background on biology, and his interest on epistemology (the theory of knowledge), that made him want to find out how the mind comes to know knowledge, objects and concepts, which then lead him to study the development of children, especially his own. He observed, talked and listen to them, as well as other children, while he performed exercises to test his theories, studies that he then published and helped IM create his theory. Piglet’s theory is called Intellectual Development, it is based on the maturation of the human. It was divided into four stages. These stages happen in between the ages of O and 15 years old. The first stage that happens between the age of O and 2, it is called Seismometer Stage. Children start to differentiate themselves from objects and knows more about himself and where he is. Also a key think kids learn Is that if parents or any object Is outside of his sight It will continue to exist. Pre-operational stage comes around 2-7 years of age, the most important thing happening in this stage is that children learn how to use language and by using this skill they represent objects by words or images. Children begin to use symbols to represent objects, also they don’t have a sense of time and are influenced by fantasy and think others fantasize like them. Concrete Operational is the stage happening while the child is 7 to 12 years old. During this age children get more comfortable with themselves, and develop an ability to think and make judgment about important things. In this stage It Is common that children ask many questions and would like to explain things to their parents. The last stage of Piglet’s theory is called Formal Operational Stage, in this stage teenagers are Individual and know how to make complete Judgment by themselves. Teenagers are capable or reasoning and will be more open and have a wide range of ideas because they can consider many possibilities and see from different perspectives Jean Piglets theory of intellectual development Is very similar but at the same time very different than Erikson theory. Piglet’s theory is based on maturation and what children and adults hint and develop while growing up, while Erikson theory is more about what you feel and who you are as a person and the people you interact with. The theories are similar at only the beginning, in the first stage when they talk about tact and how the children develop feelings with the persons they love. And finally another similarity Is that all the stages last till death. In Piglet’s theory you stop developing at age 16, childhood, allotted and elderly. The two theories are different in many ways but both have the same base idea, you could say that Jean and Erik had the same Houghton, but then developed a different concept for finishing their theories. Pigged is one of the most important psychologists of the modern times, and with out a doubt, the most important child psychologist. He is very well recognized around the world for his theory on child development as well as the series of books he has written on it. Jean Piglet’s theory is more about maturation, rather than Erosion’s, that is more about what a person is feeling throughout his or her whole life. His theory has four stages which are: The seismometer stage (0-2 years), the Pre-operational stage (2-7 ears), the concrete operational stage (7-12) and the formal operational stage (12 and above). Teenagers who are 12 and above have a wider range of ideas and they have judgment. Erickson theory has stages begin from the moment in which a person is born, to the moment in which a person dies. He explains how your life can change if a stage in your life isn’t satisfactory. Usually, a teenager isn’t mature enough until he or she has reached an age above 12. How to cite Jean Piaget, Papers Jean Piaget Free Essays There have been many theorist studying and presenting theories about the development of human learning. Theorists like Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, and Jean Piaget – to name a few, have all made significant contribution to the understanding of child growth and development into adulthood. No one theory has all the answers, but an understanding of the complexity of children learning is present in them all in some manner. We will write a custom essay sample on Jean Piaget or any similar topic only for you Order Now One theorist whose works I think presents an accurate view of the development of young children is Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget, a Swiss genetic epistemologist (as he referred to himself), was born on August 9th 1896. From an early age he was researching, studying and presenting papers in the natural sciences, and had achieved a Ph. D. in Zoology by the age of 22. He had three children and placed great importance on education. He studied the development of his children from birth and the use of intelligent test on his own and other children caused him to conclude that children thought differently than adults did, and it was this observation from his research that sparked his interest to understand the nature of thought, how it develops, its genetic impact, and an understanding of how knowledge is acquired and grows through childhood and into adulthood. His research made him conclude that children grouped information they acquired into categories and that these categories can either be expanded when new information is received, or the newly acquired knowledge can be placed into entirely new groupings. He believed that children actively constructed knowledge through hands-on experiences and that the role of adults was to provide the materials that would enable the child to build these experiences. As he studied the cognitive development of children he developed a theory that described their intellectual development and the stages they pass through in the growth of their intelligence and logical thought process. The Four (4) stages of his theory are: (1) The Sensorimotor Stage: The first stage goes from birth to about age two. Children at this stage try to make sense of everything that is around them and their reactions are limited to simple movements and responses using abilities they were born with. They look, cry, smile, laugh, suck, grasp, and listen to learn more about the environment around them. Piaget lists the development of â€Å"Object Permanence† as one of the most important accomplishments at the sensorimotor stage. â€Å"Object Permanence† is the child’s awareness that things still exist even when they cannot see or hear them anymore. A baby will be surprised when you suddenly appear before and then disappear as you play â€Å"Peek-a-boo†, but an older child who has developed a sense of â€Å"Object Permanence† will understand that you still exist and will look around to try to see where you are. The Sensorimotor Stage is further subdivided into six (6) sub-stages that reflect the development of new skills as the child moves from birth to two years old: Reflexes (0 – 1 month): Looking and sucking Primary Circular Reactions (1-4 months): Adding new knowledge or sensation Secondary Circular Reactions (4-8 months): Becoming more aware of the environment and responding to it Coordination of Reactions (8-12 months): Recognizing objects and their qualities Tertiary Circular Reactions (12-18 months): Object Experiencing and Experimenting Early Representational Thought (18-24 months): Understanding and developing thought 2) The Preoperational Stage: This stage spans ages 2 through 7. It is the stage of language development, play and pretending, symbol manipulation, and the understanding of real world objects. However, he conducted many experiments on egocentrism and conservation to show that at this stage the child do not yet have the mental ability to process concrete logic or manipulate intelligent information. He demonstrated that children were unable to take on another person’s perspective with his famous â€Å"Three Mountain Task. Children were shown a 3 dimensional mountain scene then asked to pick a picture of their view, which they clearly could and did. But when asked to pick a picture if another person were looking at it from a different viewpoint they almost always chose their own view of the scene. Although not everyone agreed with his assessment, this stage focuses and is centered on abilities that children clearly have not as yet developed. (3) The Concrete Operational Stage: This stage starts at around age 7 and continues through to around age 11. During this stage children are fairly good at inductive logic with a better understanding of mental operations, yet abstract and hypothetical reasoning confounds them. Using inductive logic they are capable of going from specific deductions to a general deduction, but he determined that they experienced difficulties in using deductive logic to use a general principle to determine a specific one. At this stage the understanding of reversibility (being able to reverse the order of relationship between mental categories) is the most important development. The understanding that the family pet is a dog, that the dog is a German Shepard, and that the dog is an animal; is a most significant skill set at this stage. (4) The Formal Operation Stage: From age 12 and continuing through adulthood, skills such as systematic planning, deductive reasoning, logical thinking, and abstract thoughts are developed. Consequences of actions and possible outcomes are now more relied upon than trial and error and even previous experiences as in the earlier stages of development. Jean Piaget work has made a huge impact in the fields of psychology and children education. He realized that children were not less intelligent than adults but just process the limited information they possessed differently. As they continue towards adulthood changes in their cognitive development leads to changes in cognitive process and abilities. He believed that children cognitive development centers on actions and as they progressed through stages of development, further understanding and advances alter their cognitive reasoning and changes into mental operations. Jean Piaget died September 16th 1980. In his book â€Å"Genetic Epistemology†, he explained: â€Å"What the genetic epistemology proposes is discovering the roots of the different varieties of knowledge, since its elementary forms, following to the next levels, including also the scientific knowledge†. How to cite Jean Piaget, Papers

Threats to the Cyberspace Environment-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Identify common emerging threats, attacks, mitigation and countermeasures in networked information systems. Answer: Identification of Threats and Attacks Standard controls are not adequate in order to stay protected from the aggressive and advanced threats. A multi-layered approach towards cyber security that make use of machine based learning and advanced system of analytics would be essential in order to defend themselves against multiple stage attacks [1]. These attacks includes: Ransomware, IoT Botnets, Phishing attacks, Machine Learning aided attacks. Ransomware: In the recent times, the holding of the data of the organizations has increased rapidly. The amount that was paid to the developers of malware shows the increasing penetration of this technology within the internet network. IoT Botnets: An enormous DDoS attack in the year 2016 had proved that the current systems were inefficient regarding the scope of the recently designed cyber-attacks [2]. Phishing attacks: The phishing is defined as a concept in which the hackers would send deceitful emails from verified accounts for the purpose of targeting businesses with the help of individual members of the staff [12]. Machine Learning aided attacks: According to a latest report by Intel Security firm, it has been reported that the technology of machine learning is majorly been used in order to launch attacks on social engineering. Potential Damages The attacks based on cyber security can have a major impact on the internet based network. The threats and attacks that are being posed on the cyber security could cause a major harm to the computer systems. Ransomware: This kind of attack if posed on a system could lead to loss of information if the affected user does not pay the required amount within the proper time [9]. IoT botnet: The IoT botnet could manipulate the other devices. These could be easily enabled by penetrating into a single connected device and thus transferring the virus from that device to other devices and thus gain vital information [11]. Phishing attacks: These kind of cyber-attacks is deceitful as the attacks would firstly pose itself as a trustful email and then it would make the systems vulnerable whenever the user would click on the email. Clicking on the email would enable the tagged attachment and it would start its functioning. It would release a malware that is capable of stealing valuable data. Machine Learning aided attacks: In these kind of attacks, when the hackers would be able to gain direct access to the public data, they could make use of tools for the complex analysis in order to pick targets in a precise manner [8]. Challenges/Issues Based on the attacks and threats that are being faced by cyber security, it can be said that there are various challenges and issues to the security of internet technology [6]. The main challenges or the issues faced by security firms are: Design: Security experts suggest that an effective measure for security is an important aspect of the cyberspace. The developers of the security of the cyberspace have mainly focused on the various features of cyberspace. Many of the future needs for security cannot be predicted, which could pose an extreme challenge for the designers [7]. Environment: Cyberspace has been regarded as the major evolving technology in the history of computers. Social media, big data, IoT, cloud computing, mobile computing are some of the technologies that have complicated the evolving environment of threats to the cyber security. Incentives: The structure for the incentives of the economy for cybersecurity could be regarded as distorted. Cyber related crimes are often considered as profitable, cheap and safe for the criminals. In contrast to that, the security of the networks could be expensive. The returns of economic investment are also unsure. Mitigation and Countermeasure Strategies The information based infrastructures that are shared across private and public domains have the capability of sharing various common attributes that are in relation with IT based deployments and the communication of data. The integration strategies for multi-networking often leads to different kinds of vulnerabilities [4]. This could be helpful in reducing the security features of an organization. The different kinds of mitigation and strategies of countermeasure are described as follows: Regular Backup: The regular backup of software and the configuration settings should be retained for a minimum period of three months. This process is extremely vital in order to diminish the data, which is encrypted or which could be deleted with the help of some ransomware [5]. Continuity of Business and Plans for Disaster Recovery: The plans are being tested, documented and then they are printed on a softcopy that could be stored in the online platform. Capabilities of System-Recovery: The capabilities for the recovery of the system can assist with the mitigation of the destructive malware, malicious files that are meant to penetrate into the systems and other threats that can affect the cyberspace [10]. Personnel Management: It could be defined as the ongoing examination for different users who have privileged access. It would disable every account of departing users and would thus be able to remind users of their obligations of penalties and security [3]. Conclusion Based on the above report, it could be concluded that cyber security is a major aspect in the field of computing. The threats to the cyberspace environment could yield vital results for the future prospect of business and other organizations. Though there are many threats related to the cyberspace environment, yet stringent measures could help in mitigating the associated risks. References Von Solms, Rossouw, and Johan Van Niekerk. "From information security to cyber security."computers security38 (2013): 97-102. Bertino, Elisa, and Nayeem Islam. "Botnets and internet of things security."Computer50, no. 2 (2017): 76-79. Wang, W., Lu, Z. (2013). Cyber security in the smart grid: Survey and challenges.Computer Networks,57(5), 1344-1371. Cavelty, Myriam Dunn. "Breaking the cyber-security dilemma: Aligning security needs and removing vulnerabilities."Science and Engineering Ethics20, no. 3 (2014): 701-715. Lu, P., Zhang, L., Liu, X., Yao, J., Zhu, Z. (2015). Highly efficient data migration and backup for big data applications in elastic optical inter-data-center networks.IEEE Network,29(5), 36-42. Wang, Wenye, and Zhuo Lu. "Cyber security in the smart grid: Survey and challenges."Computer Networks57, no. 5 (2013): 1344-1371. Gunes, Volkan, Steffen Peter, Tony Givargis, and Frank Vahid. "A survey on concepts, applications, and challenges in cyber-physical systems."KSII Transactions on Internet Information Systems8, no. 12 (2014). Joseph, Anthony D., Pavel Laskov, Fabio Roli, J. Doug Tygar, and Blaine Nelson. "Machine learning methods for computer security (Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 12371)." InDagstuhl Manifestos, vol. 3, no. 1. Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, 2013. Hampton, Nikolai, and Zubair A. Baig. "Ransomware: Emergence of the cyber-extortion menace." (2015). White, Gregory B., Eric A. Fisch, and Udo W. Pooch.Computer system and network security. CRC press, 2017. Bertino, Elisa, and Nayeem Islam. "Botnets and internet of things security."Computer50, no. 2 (2017): 76-79. Halevi, Tzipora, James Lewis, and Nasir Memon. "A pilot study of cyber security and privacy related behavior and personality traits." InProceedings of the 22nd International Conference on World Wide Web, pp. 737-744. ACM, 2013

Friday, May 1, 2020

Midwifery Care for Social and Psychological- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMidwifery Carefor Social, Physical and Psychological. Answer: Midwifery care refers to the healthcare and support provided by midwives to the expectant mothers. It entails care during the pregnancy period, which is just before birth, the postpartum period and the care for the newborn babies. The process monitors the mothers holistic wellbeing in terms of social, physical and psychological during the childbearing cycle. The mother is provided with prenatal care, counseling, and education individually all with the aim of preventing health problems (Iserin, 2013). Midwifery care is important as it helps to detect any abnormal condition in the expectant mother hence preventing health complications during pregnancy. It also helps the expectant mother to seek medical assistance if necessary and setting up of emergency measures in instances whereby medical help is absent. Therefore, the essay will discuss the role midwives play to improve the health outcome for women with the cardiac disease during their pregnancy. Cardiac disease refers to the conditions which affect the heart whereby there are fatty deposits in the blood vessels; arteries leading to the patient being exposed to high chances of having blood clots. Pregnant mothers who have such a condition may be very sickly during the pregnancy period and their emotional requirements will be high, their needs may also be diverse showing potential complications. In this case, the midwifery care should entail aspects of cardiology and the midwives should be sensitive to the expectant mothers emotions to provide them with the emotional care needed due to their health conditions, this is imperative in order to improve their health condition Expectant mothers with cardiac disease should be taken care of by a multidisciplinary team comprising of a cardiac nurse, neonatologist, cardiologist, hematologist, and a specialized midwife and if pre-conception counseling has not been done, the wide wife should get a referral. The expectant mothers cardiac health should undergo frequent check, assessing the heart rhythm and the auscultation of both the heart and lungs. Midwifery assessment is important such as evaluating of drugs and their dosage during the antenatal period (Reimold Rutherford, 2014). During labor here should be the careful administration of the drugs that stop premature labor, this drugs should be friendly to the health condition and proper timing and mode of delivery should be taken into consideration. A close level of midwifery care is also important after birth. In conclusion, women with the heart conditions must get good preconception health care before getting pregnant as it may help prevent the death of some of them who may not be fit to give birth. Surgical correction of any problem discovered before pregnancy may also be helpful in terms of better outcome. It is also important for pregnant women with heart conditions to undergo auscultation of the lungs and heart because such conditions worsen during pregnancy and a referral to a more specialized practitioner may be helpful. These mothers are also advised to get pregnant at an early age. However, women to get pregnant at a later age should consider psychological support and midwifery that is evidenced-based. References Iserin L (2011) Management of pregnancy in women with congenital heart disease. Heart 85(5):493-494 Lee R (2015) Thromboembolism in pregnancy: a continuing conundrum. Annals of Internal Medicine 43(10):749-750 Reimold S, Rutherford J (2013) Valvular heart disease in pregnancy. The New England Journal of Medicine 349(1):52-60 Weiss B, Hess O (2010) Pulmosry vascular disease and pregnancy: current controversies, management and perspectives. European Heart journal 21,104-05