BRIGADIER GENERAL CHARLES W. SWEENEY :: essays research papers

BRIGADIER GENERAL CHARLES W. SWEENEY Resigned Dec. 27, 1979      Brigadier General Charles W. Sweeney was conceived in Lowell, Mass., in 1919. He moved on from North Quincy High School (Mass.) in 1937. In the wake of moving on from secondary school, he went to night classes at Boston University and furthermore at Purdue University. Charles Sweeney joined the Army Air Corps as a flying cadet on April 28, 1941. Accepting his bonus as a pilot in the Army Air Corps as an aeronautics cadet on April 28, 1941. Accepting his bonus as a pilot in the Army Air Corps in December 1941, Lieutenant Sweeney went through two years at Jefferson Proving Grounds Ind. From the demonstrating grounds in 1943, Charles Sweeney, presently a commander, moved to Eglin Field, Fla., where he filled in as a tasks official and furthermore an aircraft tester.      In 1944 he was elevated to the position of major in the Army of the United States. Right now he was going about as a B-29 pilot educator at Grand Island, Neb. Later around the same time, Major Sweeney was reassigned to Wendover Field, Utah and it was here that he started working in the "Silver Plate" venture, the code name of the pilot and team preparing program for the coming World War II nuclear missions.      On May 4, 1945 (at 25 years old and with the position of major) Charles Sweeney became administrator of the 393d Bombardment Squadron, a B-29 unit, which seven weeks after the fact (on June, 1945) traveled to a base on Tinian in the Mariana Islands. It was during August 1945 that Major Sweeney flew the history-production missions and dropped the bomb which concluded World War II.      In November 1945, Major Sweeney and the 393d Bombardment Squadron got back to Roswell Air Force Base, N.M. His crucial Roswell was to prepare aircrews for a third nuclear strategic - a peacetime investigate Bikini. Only a couple of months after the fact on June 28, 1946, he was released from deployment ready with the position of lieutenant colonel.      Colonel Sweeney, on Feb. 21, 1956, was named wing leader by Governor Christian A. Herter. Likewise in 1956, the unit was again re-assigned as the 102d Air Defense Wing, and on April 6, 1956, Colonel Sweeney got his advancement to the position of brigadier general. 1958 saw the wing get its current assignment as the 102d Tactical Fighter Wing.      General Sweeney

Physical Theatre Essays

Physical Theater Essays Physical Theater Essay Physical Theater Essay Physical Theater History: * Physical venue is a trick all term to portray any presentation that seeks after narrating through essential physical methods * The term â€Å"physical theatre† has been applied to exhibitions comprising principally of: 1. Emulate 2. Contemporary move 3. Showy joking and other physical parody 4. A few types of puppetry 5. Dramatic tumbling * Modern physical performance center has developed from an assortment of origins.Mime and showy playing schools, for example, L’Ecole Jacques Lecoq Paris, have impacted numerous cutting edge articulations of Physical Theater. * Another custom began with the exceptionally renowned French master Etienne Decrouxâ (father ofâ corporeal emulate). Decrouxs point was to make a performance center dependent on the genuineness of the on-screen character permitting the formation of a moreâ metaphorical theater. This convention has developed and human emulate is currently educated in many significant showy schools. Heritage: Physical venue had become such a major wonder today, being appeared in film, for example, â€Å"Stomp the Yard† and â€Å"Step Up† just as immense overall creations, for example, â€Å"Wicked†, â€Å"Cirque de Solei† and â€Å"Hairspray† * We are the structure square of the development of physical theatre.Techniques: * Important theater bearings, for example, Vsevolod Meyerhold, Jerzy Grotowski, Eugenio Barba, Ariane Mnouchkine and Tadashi Suzukiâ all investigated and built up an assortment of extreme preparing strategies for their on-screen characters, that were expected to free on-screen characters and crowds from exhausting and unstimulating exhibitions. They contended that a performing body ought to be an instrument of articulation that has one of a kind rhythms and examples that must be intensified, created and aced before a presentation can be seen as successful. * They likewise pushed an assortment of preparing systems and activities to create what they accepted were significant associations between the correspondence of physical and enthusiastic truth in on-screen characters and a large number of their proposals have been taken up by acting schools in various nations.

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 16

Morals - Essay Example The Chinese human advancement concentrated on farming. Taoism and Confucianism went about as the two fundamental schools of musings and Chinese way of thinking. The association of Chinese human advancement with nature has driven its kin to increase a gratefulness and appreciation towards nature (Gao, 2012). The Chinese culture profoundly esteem nature. The esteeming of nature in this culture results from passionate impacts. Chinese workmanship, for example, planting, scene painting and verse has a cozy relationship with nature. This shows the quest for nature with amicability is a consistent occasion and exertion in Chinese social practice and reasoning. The Chinese culture sees nature as a self-creating procedure of propagation and creation of life. The Chinese economy intensely depends on assembling and trading, which prompts enormous natural corruption. Also, China has made colossal interests in the misuse of normal assets in Asia and African nations. This additionally prompts huge natural debasement in light of overexploitation. The collaborations of Chinese social orders with nature are impacted by the idea of chi that assumes a pivotal job in Chinese way of thinking. The ideas of chi and compassion hugely impact the Chinese energy about nature. Chinese way of thinking sees nature as a natural framework that is consistently self-producing. The idea of chi is fundamental in the moral connection and energy about nature. Chi contains both profound and material significance (Gao, 2012). Cheng Chung-Ying states that chi contains epistemological, supernatural and logical hypothesis and stylish measurement (Cheng, 1986, 356). Chi has trademark includes that are firmly interconnected. These highlights are innovativeness, vacancy and congruity. Progression implies that chi is the fundamental part that makes everything. In this way, all spaces and things are

Communism in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Socialism in China - Essay Example The disappointment of patriot pioneer Chiang Kai-Shek to offer assurance from the danger presented by Japan prompted his kidnapping. He was constrained by the abductors to reevaluate collaboration with the socialist armed force (Office of the Historian, n.d.). This established a framework for the ascent of socialism in the nation. The other factor that contributed was the ascent of a tyrannical system. The patriot government was blamed for undemocratic arrangements and defilement (Office of the Historian, n.d.). The discontent of the populace and poor arrangements made the nation increasingly defenseless against socialism beliefs. Then again, China Communist Party (CCP) got overpowering help from workers because of land changes it started and repulsing of Japanese intruders (Office of the Historian, n.d.). In conclusion, remote mediation assumed a job in the ascent of socialism. The United States and Soviet Union affected different issues in the nation. US was on the side of Nationalist government while Soviet Union bolstered CCP. Notwithstanding, Soviet Union won as it involved Manchuria and possibly left when Chinese Communist powers were in a situation to guarantee triumph of the region (Office of the Historian, n.d.). This prompted the foundation of socialism in the bigger piece of the

Senior Year Dos and Donts - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Senior Year Dos and Donts - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Senior Year Dos and Donts It is that time of year again, when K-12 schools are starting back, students (and teachers) groan and parents quietly celebrate. Colleges are beginning to open their applications for the Class of 2023 (UGAs app will open on September 1), and the college admissions process suddenly gets real. With the flip of the proverbial switch, applying to colleges suddenly changes from a vague future action to a reality and the tension level goes up to a seven or eight. I honor of this time of year, here is a list of dos and donts for parents and students. Rising HS Seniors: DO: Have a wonderful senior year, as your senior year should be special. Focus on doing well in your classes, but also take time to strengthen your ties to your friends, meet new people, and enjoy your last year of HS. DONT: Let senioritis overtake your brain. After you are admitted to a college, they will still be reviewing your final HS transcript, and you need to make sure your grades have not dropped to a level that causes problems in enrolling at your intended college. We rescinded eight offers of admission this year please dont be one of these next year. DO: Stay active in clubs, sports, volunteer work or other activities that you have been involved with during HS. Senior year should be a good finish to your HS years, not a count-down until you are out of there. DONT: Be so active in all things outside of school that you let your grades drop (see the first DONT). Know (or learn) how to juggle different demands, and know that your academics come first. DO: Look at the college search process as a time to learn more about yourself, what you want to do for the next four years, and find several good matches in your college search. This should be an exciting time where you are able to look into the future and see how you fit with each college, and the possibilities that are down the road. DONT: Listen to myths, rumors or people who say I heard that in order to get into UGA. Senior year and the college search should not be a time of panic or despair, and most of the stress is not necessary. College admission offices want to work with you and help you through the process, so listen to their suggestions. Generally, college admission rumors start when someone does not understand the admissions process, and they then attempt to guess about a reason X/Y/Z happened. Dont get caught up in this cycle of misinformation. DO: Pay attention to deadlines, take responsibility for your own college applications, and make sure things are in well before they need to be. DONT: Do things at the last minute. How you act in HS and in the application process shows us how you might be on our campus. If you do things at the last second (or later), procrastinate, and do not take care of your side of things, what do you think the colleges will be thinking about how you will handle things once you get to college. DO: Enjoy your senior year, take time to enjoy the college selection process, and thank your parents, counselors and teachers for all that they have done for you. Parents of Rising HS Seniors DO: Support your student during this challenging year of transition. Find a good balance between helping them and getting out of the way and letting them handle things, as they will be out of the house next year and having to do things on their own soon enough. DONT: Make this process about you. We all want our kids to succeed, whether it is in four year old soccer or applying to college, and as parents, you feel each joy and pain your child feels. But make sure that the focus is on the student, where they want to apply, and what is best for them. If you find yourself saying We applied, stop and reassess the situation. There are many comparisons we use for parents (training wheels on a bike, safety net, coach, cheerleader), but in the end the student is going to be on a campus next fall, and they need to learn how to handle this college thing on their own. DO: Learn about the colleges your student is interested in, and ask questions of admissions about the process. Our offices are happy to answer all questions, and I try and reply to any and all comments on this blog. We still want the student to ask questions, and you should encourage your student to take the lead, but we are fine working with parents during this process. DONT: Ask for advice on UGA admissions decision process from your friends/neighbors just because they have had a child apply to UGA in the past. First, things change, from deadlines to requirements to how our process works. Second, having a child apply to college makes you knowledgeable about applying to college, not on how admission decisions are made. Myths and rumors abound in the college admissions world, but I heavily suggest you try and avoid anyone sharing them. If a person starts a sentence with I heard that UGA Admissions , think twice (or more) about the advice. DO: Have a discussion with your student on the realities of attending X/Y/Z college, especially if college costs are a major factor. Make sure they know what the reality is concerning what is possible and what is not based on admissions/financial aid. DONT: Eliminate a college from your students list just because it is a rival of your alma mater. If you are an Alabama fan, life will be okay if your child goes to Auburn. Same with UGA/GT, Cal Berkeley/Stanford, UNC/NC State, and Harvard/Yale. Let your student find the colleges that match their interests and go from there. DO: Help your student find a number of colleges that fit their needs. In the college search, there will be a number of institutions that check off all the boxes of what your student is looking for in a university. Help them understand that there are a number of great options and to find good matches with their needs. DONT: Tell your student that there is only one perfect college for them. Having only one perfect option puts a great deal of unnecessary pressure on getting into that one institution. I know a number of previously denied students who found a great match at another college, even if at first they thought not getting into UGA was the end of the world. DO: Tell your child you love them no matter what admission decisions occur over the next year or so. Good luck in managing the college admissions process, and Go Dawgs!

Eastern Lowland Gorilla Essay - 550 Words

Eastern Lowland Gorilla (Essay Sample) Content: NameCourseCourse InstructorDateEastern lowland gorilla (Gorilla beringei graueri)Gorilla is among the largest primates in the world. One of the gorillas is eastern lowland gorilla also known as Grauers gorilla (World Wildlife Fund (WWF) 1). It is the largest in all subspecies (WWF 1). It is found in eastern part of DRC (YoG 1). A reflection of anatomical/ physiological, locomotion, habitat, and its feeding habit is of the essence in understanding the subspecies.The gorilla subspecies have unique features. It has a wide body, bulky hands, and a small muzzle (WWF 1). On the other hand, it has it has a thumb larger than other fingers. It also has no hair on face, ears, hands, and feet. The old males also lack hair in the chest (WWF 1). In comparison to other gorilla subspecies, the hair and teeth are short while the arms are great in length (WWF 1). Locomotion occurs with the support of four legs.The gorilla has varied diets. The diet includes a wide range of plants, fr uits, seeds, leaves, stems and barks (YoG 1). It also feeds on termites and varieties of insects. On the other hand, the gorilla may live in montane, and lowland tropical forests (YoG 1). The species is under threat. The threat has been due to constant political instability (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 1). The effect has been high exploitation of the species. Moreover, there has been a loss of habitat and habitat quality due to political unrest and expanding human activities (IUCN 1). The effect is a constant decrease in the population.In conclusion, the species posses unique attribute. However, it is clear that more conservation effort is needed to avoid its extinction, as it is only located in one area. Works CitedInternational Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Gorilla beringei ssp. Gra...

Price Reduction And Unethical Purchasing Behaviour

After the research finds out that price is a factor to cause the gap, it will continue to investigate more on to what extend the price offers convinced customer to unethically purchase and abandon their ethical intention. As shown on figure 4.4.2, the mean scores tend to increase along with the increasing in the degree of price reduction of unethical products for both Thais and UK charts. This means that both nations tend to accept unethical garment if it offer a price reduction. Also, on every degrees of price saving, Thai have more tendency to buy unethically made cloth than UK. To clarify, both of the chart from Thailand and UK show a linear distribution and have a positive relationship between price reduction and unethical purchasing behaviour. This is another evidence to suggest that the rival of ethical product price is a factor that makes people neglect their ethical goals. Also, it suggests that price sensitivity of customers are a factor that widen the gap. The result is cor responding with Jà ¤gel et al. (2012), and Creyer and Ross (1997) as they suggested that without price reduction on ethical product people will find a cheaper alternative and emphasize more on price than ethical issues. As the scale are ranged between 1 to 7, the mean score of price saving of 10% are pretty closed to the scale of 1 which is extremely unlikely for both of the Thai and UK chart with the mean score of 2.63 for Thais and 3.04 for UK. On the opposite side, it also show the mean scoresShow MoreRelatedThe Expansion Of Multinational Corporations ( Mncs ) Essay900 Words   |  4 Pagesgeographies of retail connecting production, distribution and consumption. MNCs growth has led to greater purchasing power of companies as they expand. Purchasing power can be used to impact upon the geographies of retail production through processes of restructuring, merges and divestment (Alexander and Quinn, 2002). Large retailers use their power to transform the market. In the case of Toyota, purchasing power was used for the acquisition of companies. In 2000 a branch of Toyota purchased BT IndustriesRead MoreBusiness Report : Sainsburys Plc1745 Words   |  7 PagesSainsbury’s incentivises in making lives easier by delivering fair prices and quality services; location being key focus, seeing growth in both convenience and discount stores, enticing more consumers every day. J Sainsbury’s plc (2015) Strategic Report is divided in two sections; the non-financial KPIs are: Product Quality, Like-for-Like Transactions, Price perception, Sales growth, Service growth by Area/Channel, Availability and Customer Service that focuses on social respo nsibility as FredrickRead MoreWal Mart s Social Responsibility And Consumer Purchasing Behaviors2664 Words   |  11 PagesIn a fiercely competitive economy, good social reputations are companies’ biggest asset. 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For the purposes of this report, we will use the European Commission’s definition of CSR as being â€Å"the responsibility of enterprises for their impacts on society†Read MoreManagement and Study Unit41775 Words   |  168 PagesPROGRAMME IN PURCHASING AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE 2 PURCHASING AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT PPSM026 i  © 2011 University of South Africa All rights reserved Printed and published by the University of South Africa Muckleneuk, Pretoria Author: Ms Irma Fourie PPSM026/1/2011-2013 ii PURCHASING AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT (PPSM026) CONTENTS TOPIC 1: THE PURCHASING FUNCTION: AN OVERVIEW The purchasing function in perspective The task of purchasing and supply management Purchasing processesRead MoreManagement and Study Unit41787 Words   |  168 PagesPROGRAMME IN PURCHASING AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE 2 PURCHASING AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT PPSM026 i  © 2011 University of South Africa All rights reserved Printed and published by the University of South Africa Muckleneuk, Pretoria Author: Ms Irma Fourie PPSM026/1/2011-2013 ii PURCHASING AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT (PPSM026) CONTENTS TOPIC 1: THE PURCHASING FUNCTION: AN OVERVIEW The purchasing function in perspective The task of purchasing and supply management Purchasing processes andRead MoreConsumer Behavior Challenge2374 Words   |  10 Pagesmarket the netbook in the U.S so that it can be a successful sale. However, there are challenges or consumer behavior issues that HP could face when trying to introduce this marketing strategy (Luchs, 2012). HP would need to understand that as the purchasing behaviors of customers change, so do the marketing methods businesses utilize to sell their merchandises. To provide consumers products they desire, HP will have to be able to recognize what issues are having an influence customers to buy. WithRead MoreGlobal Business Environmental Forces5642 Words   |  23 Pagesconcern, commitment to duty, initiative and resourceful, dependability, willingness and readiness to perform, interpersonal skills, personal effectiven ess where some of the undesirable behaviors were indiscipline, unreliability, job incompetency, unethical behaviors, unsystematic and unorganized approach to job. Buddha Air and Yeti Airlines concentrates on modern technological advances to design a systematic communication channel, participatory management, more training programs and workshops, rewardsRead MoreMotivation by Commission Based Pay4502 Words   |  19 Pagesselling agent has two direct tasks: (1) prospecting for customers and (2) advising on the product’s suitability for the specific needs of the customers. Consumers usually rely on information and advice provided by representatives of a seller when purchasing unfamiliar products. Therefore, having a knowledgable and ethical sales force is key to having a high customer service company that will lead to customers being satisfied. Yet comanies fail to realize that having their sales staff on commission

Assessment Of Noise Of Cardiac Hospital A Case Study For...

Assessment of noise environment in cardiac hospital - A case study for an Indian city. (Ahmed Tembhurkar, 2014) According to Ahmed and Tembhurkar (2014), there is a crucial concern within the hospital environment when it comes to the impact of noise in sensitive areas, especially for cardiac patients. The significance to nursing is made clear when Ahmed and Tembhurker (2014) states that there needs to be a serious effort to control noise in order to reduce the negative impact on patients and staff. A correlational quantitative design was used for this study Ahmed and Tembhurkar (2014) testing the relationship between noise level and hospital location. As far as threats to validity, the noise measurement device was calibrated before†¦show more content†¦The sample size consisted of 1,200 patients that had undergone open heart surgery at a hospital in Denmark (Greve Pedersen, 2016). In order to address rigor of the data the principal author met with the participants each morning to make sure they answered the questions in the diary and help them complete the questions (Greve Pederse n, 2016). Some of the limitations associated with the study were as followed: unable to randomize participants into the control and treatment groups, data collection ended two months after operation, and the dissimilarity between polysomnography and subjective data (Greve Pedersen, 2016). Some of the strengths were as followed: the education material was taught to the nurses by the principal author and subjective feeling of sleep quality improved (Greve Pedersen, 2016). Patient satisfaction with their pain management and comfort level after open heart surgery. (Karabulut, Aktas, Gà ¼rà §ayir, Yilmaz, Gà ¶kmen, 2015) The problem is stated clearly as pain can be severe after open heart surgery. In relation to nursing, â€Å"pain after surgery decreases the quality of life of the patients and affects their comfort level† (Karabulut et al., 2015, p.17). This qualitative research study uses surveys and general comfort scales to collect patient data. The sample consisted of 52 patients that had undergone open heart surgery at RegionShow MoreRelatedIphs Standards for 100 Bedded Hospital16137 Words   |  65 PagesDRAFT Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS) For 51 to 100 Bedded Sub-District/Sub-Divisional Hospitals GUIDELINES (January 2007) Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health Family Welfare Government of India 1 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Objectives of IPHS for Sub-District Hospitals 3. Definition of Sub-District Hospital 4. Grading of Sub-District Hospital 5. Functions 6. Essential Services 7. Physical Infrastructure 8. Manpower 9. Equipment 10. Laboratory Services 11. RecommendedRead MoreImportant Law Enforcement Facts19721 Words   |  79 Pages | |The deadliest day in law enforcement history was September 11, 2001, when 70 law enforcement officers were killed in the terrorist| |attacks at the World Trade Center in New York City. | |   | |Averages: Read More2006 Arroyo Case Study31910 Words   |  128 PagesArroyo Fresco Community Health Center Case Study 2006 National Institute of Standards and Technology Technology Administration †¢ Department of Commerce Baldrige National Quality Program Arroyo Fresco Community Health Center Case Study The Arroyo Fresco Community Health Center Case Study was prepared for use in the 2006 Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Examiner Preparation Course. The Arroyo Fresco Community Health Center Case Study describes a fictitious nonprofit organizationRead More2006 Arroyo Case Study31910 Words   |  128 PagesProg ra m Arroyo Fresco Community Health Center Case Study 2006 National Institute of Standards and Technology Technology Administration †¢ Department of Commerce Baldrige National Quality Program Arroyo Fresco Community Health Center Case Study The Arroyo Fresco Community Health Center Case Study was prepared for use in the 2006 Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Examiner Preparation Course. The Arroyo Fresco Community Health Center Case Study describes a fictitious nonprofit organizationRead MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 Pagesoutline ve discovery skills that distinguish innovative entrepreneurs and executives from ordinary managers: Associating, Questioning, Observing, Networking, and Experimenting. Once you master these competencies (the authors provide a self assessment for rating your own innovator’s DNA), the authors explain how you can generate ideas, collaborate with colleagues to implement them, and build innovation skills throughout your organization to sharpen its competitive edge. at innovation advantageRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY

How to Use Italian Demonstrative Adjectives

Vygotsky s Theory Of The Zone Of Proximal Development

In chapter 9 of the textbook â€Å"Children† by John Santrock, Vygotsky’s theory of the zone of proximal development was discussed. The zone of proximal development is the space in which learning is accomplished. Within this zone, you are taking into account the skills that children can complete by themselves and also the skills that they would have the ability to complete with some help. With the zone of proximal development, you are looking at what a child can accomplish by them self, which is called the lower limit. Along with looking at those skills, you are looking at what the child can then accomplish with some help, which is called the upper limit. According to Vygotsky, the space between the lower limit and the upper limit is where the most beneficial learning for that child takes place. When the learning is occurring the lower and upper limits will move to allow for the newly learned material, this movement is called scaffolding. In order to learn about putting the theory of the zone of proximal development into practice, I went to the Wegmans Playground on the 16th of October at 2:00 pm to observe children learning in this environment. I observed a Caucasian female, about three and a half feet tall. She was wearing clean clothing and accompanied by a woman. The girl was smiling and running around and talking with the woman who had accompanied her. When she attempted to go up on the monkey bars by herself, she was able to get up to the bar and hold on but was unable toShow MoreRelatedCollaborative Learning : The Theory Of Vygotsky s Conception Of Zone Of Proximal Development1951 Words   |  8 PagesCollaborative learning stems from the theory of Vygotsky’s conception of Zone of proximal development. The thought is that children learn best with â€Å"help and guidance† (Ormrod, 2012). In transitioning this zone to a collaborative learning experience, children work with their peers in broadeni ng their learning experience, allowing small groups of students to work together to share knowledge, exchange ideas, problem solve, and more. These classroom environments help to create durable abilities inRead MorePiaget vs. Vygotsky1120 Words   |  5 PagesThe theory of cognitive development is defined as the development of the ability to think and reason. There are many theorists who have studied cognitive theories and the most famous is Jean Piaget. Cognitive development covers the physical and emotional stages of a child. The basic premise for cognitive development is to show the different stages of the development of a child so you can understand where the child might be in their development. Understanding cognitive development will betterRead MoreVygotsky s Theory Of Internalisation1709 Words   |  7 Pages Vygotsky also introduced his theory of internalisation, one of the main concepts that differentiated from that of Jean Piaget (Duchesne, S., McMaugh, A. 2016. P.103). The theory of internalisation put forward by Vygotsky is an idea that suggests an individual is able to observe and internalise the ideas and processes of their surroundings as they partake in social interaction defined as, â€Å"new ways of thinking† (Duchesne, S., McMaugh, A.,2016p.103). During social interaction the individualsRead MoreVygotsky s Theory On Cognitive Development Essay733 Words   |  3 Pages â…“ of a page on vygotsky Lev Semionovich Vygotsky was a Russian psychologist and constructivist learning theorist who was known for arguing against the theories of psychologist Jean Piaget. Piaget believed that in order for any learning to occur there had to development within the individual first, but Vygotsky argued the contrary. He argued that in order for development to occur, the individual would first have to have learning take place through instruction and example in a given appropriate environmentRead MoreVygotsky s Theory Of Cognitive Development917 Words   |  4 Pagesand Margetts (2012) demonstrate that cognitive development is much more than the addition of new facts and ideas to an existing store of information - maturation, activity and social transmission influence cognitive development. One very respected researcher of cognitive development and, in particular, sociocultural effects on such development, was Lev Vygotsky, whose original Russian journal articles are now available in English. Vygotsky’s theory revolves around peer-mediated learning, and hasRead MoreJean Piaget And Vygotsky And Language Development In Children1748 Words   |  7 PagesJean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky are two influential thinkers who have impacted the speech and language pathology field with their key theories. Piaget believed that there are four main stages in a child’s development that lead to a child learning language. Without these stages, Piaget argues that a child cannot cognitively grow at an appropriate pace (Kaderavek, 2105, p. 18 and p. 23). However, Vygotsky argues the Social Interactionist Theory, which states children develop language through social interactingRead MoreVygotsky s Theories Theory Theories994 Words   |  4 PagesPSY112 Assignment #1 Devyn Crocker Vygotsky’s Theories Vygotsky’s theories jumped out at me because I thought that this was an interesting topic of choice.I am very interested in learning how children develop, not only in the classroom, but also outside the classroom. I was curious if a scientist believed that nurture is what helps children to learn and develop instead of just being born that way with nature. In my opinion, the way children are raised is the way they learn and develop their attitudesRead MorePiaget And Vygotsky Theory Of Cognitive Development Essay826 Words   |  4 Pagescognitive development and, highlight both Piaget and Vygotsky’s theory as it relates to cognitive development, and the significant differences between them. The term cognitive development refers to the process of growth and change in intellectual, mental abilities such as thinking, reasoning and understanding. It comprises of the acquisition and consolidation of knowledge. Infants draw on social-emotional, language, motor, and perceptual experience and abilities for cognitive development. AccordingRead MoreVygotsky s Theory Of Human Development1386 Words   |  6 PagesLev Vygotsky was an educator and a theorist known primarily for his sociocultural theory. Vygotsky developed the sociocultural theory, which is the theory of human development through social and cultural influences (Aimin, 2013), during the 1920’s-30’s. One of Vygotsky’s focuses was the concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD), which is the idea of a child being appropriately challenged, this will be discussed further on. His theory stemmed from how children’s learning is impacted greatlyRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1519 Words   |  7 Pagesboth Piaget and Vygotskian theories in the sense that they describe how the child s mind develops through different forms of stimuli that occur during early childhood. Piaget s theory focuses mainly on things such as; how children think; how the world around them is perceived and how the newly found info rmation is explained through the language they use. Vygotsky s theory however differs as the effects of different forms of social interaction occur in cognitive development such as; internalisation;

Jean Piaget Free Essays

The history of psychology dates back to the ancient Greeks, Callahan and India. There are even some records of psychology dating back to ancient Egypt. Psychology is the study of the human mind and it’s functions. We will write a custom essay sample on Jean Piaget or any similar topic only for you Order Now It used to be a branch of philosophy, but in the asses it developed into an independent science, when Wilhelm Wound founded the first laboratory dedicated to psychology. In the ancient times, psychology had to do with evil spirits and souls, which remedies were incinerations and curses. Right now, In modern times, we know that psychology has nothing to do with that, but with the rain and the way it works. Jean Pigged was born In Nucleus, Switzerland in 1896. He did his license and PhD on biology at the university of his hometown. It was his background on biology, and his interest on epistemology (the theory of knowledge), that made him want to find out how the mind comes to know knowledge, objects and concepts, which then lead him to study the development of children, especially his own. He observed, talked and listen to them, as well as other children, while he performed exercises to test his theories, studies that he then published and helped IM create his theory. Piglet’s theory is called Intellectual Development, it is based on the maturation of the human. It was divided into four stages. These stages happen in between the ages of O and 15 years old. The first stage that happens between the age of O and 2, it is called Seismometer Stage. Children start to differentiate themselves from objects and knows more about himself and where he is. Also a key think kids learn Is that if parents or any object Is outside of his sight It will continue to exist. Pre-operational stage comes around 2-7 years of age, the most important thing happening in this stage is that children learn how to use language and by using this skill they represent objects by words or images. Children begin to use symbols to represent objects, also they don’t have a sense of time and are influenced by fantasy and think others fantasize like them. Concrete Operational is the stage happening while the child is 7 to 12 years old. During this age children get more comfortable with themselves, and develop an ability to think and make judgment about important things. In this stage It Is common that children ask many questions and would like to explain things to their parents. The last stage of Piglet’s theory is called Formal Operational Stage, in this stage teenagers are Individual and know how to make complete Judgment by themselves. Teenagers are capable or reasoning and will be more open and have a wide range of ideas because they can consider many possibilities and see from different perspectives Jean Piglets theory of intellectual development Is very similar but at the same time very different than Erikson theory. Piglet’s theory is based on maturation and what children and adults hint and develop while growing up, while Erikson theory is more about what you feel and who you are as a person and the people you interact with. The theories are similar at only the beginning, in the first stage when they talk about tact and how the children develop feelings with the persons they love. And finally another similarity Is that all the stages last till death. In Piglet’s theory you stop developing at age 16, childhood, allotted and elderly. The two theories are different in many ways but both have the same base idea, you could say that Jean and Erik had the same Houghton, but then developed a different concept for finishing their theories. Pigged is one of the most important psychologists of the modern times, and with out a doubt, the most important child psychologist. He is very well recognized around the world for his theory on child development as well as the series of books he has written on it. Jean Piglet’s theory is more about maturation, rather than Erosion’s, that is more about what a person is feeling throughout his or her whole life. His theory has four stages which are: The seismometer stage (0-2 years), the Pre-operational stage (2-7 ears), the concrete operational stage (7-12) and the formal operational stage (12 and above). Teenagers who are 12 and above have a wider range of ideas and they have judgment. Erickson theory has stages begin from the moment in which a person is born, to the moment in which a person dies. He explains how your life can change if a stage in your life isn’t satisfactory. Usually, a teenager isn’t mature enough until he or she has reached an age above 12. How to cite Jean Piaget, Papers Jean Piaget Free Essays There have been many theorist studying and presenting theories about the development of human learning. Theorists like Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, and Jean Piaget – to name a few, have all made significant contribution to the understanding of child growth and development into adulthood. No one theory has all the answers, but an understanding of the complexity of children learning is present in them all in some manner. We will write a custom essay sample on Jean Piaget or any similar topic only for you Order Now One theorist whose works I think presents an accurate view of the development of young children is Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget, a Swiss genetic epistemologist (as he referred to himself), was born on August 9th 1896. From an early age he was researching, studying and presenting papers in the natural sciences, and had achieved a Ph. D. in Zoology by the age of 22. He had three children and placed great importance on education. He studied the development of his children from birth and the use of intelligent test on his own and other children caused him to conclude that children thought differently than adults did, and it was this observation from his research that sparked his interest to understand the nature of thought, how it develops, its genetic impact, and an understanding of how knowledge is acquired and grows through childhood and into adulthood. His research made him conclude that children grouped information they acquired into categories and that these categories can either be expanded when new information is received, or the newly acquired knowledge can be placed into entirely new groupings. He believed that children actively constructed knowledge through hands-on experiences and that the role of adults was to provide the materials that would enable the child to build these experiences. As he studied the cognitive development of children he developed a theory that described their intellectual development and the stages they pass through in the growth of their intelligence and logical thought process. The Four (4) stages of his theory are: (1) The Sensorimotor Stage: The first stage goes from birth to about age two. Children at this stage try to make sense of everything that is around them and their reactions are limited to simple movements and responses using abilities they were born with. They look, cry, smile, laugh, suck, grasp, and listen to learn more about the environment around them. Piaget lists the development of â€Å"Object Permanence† as one of the most important accomplishments at the sensorimotor stage. â€Å"Object Permanence† is the child’s awareness that things still exist even when they cannot see or hear them anymore. A baby will be surprised when you suddenly appear before and then disappear as you play â€Å"Peek-a-boo†, but an older child who has developed a sense of â€Å"Object Permanence† will understand that you still exist and will look around to try to see where you are. The Sensorimotor Stage is further subdivided into six (6) sub-stages that reflect the development of new skills as the child moves from birth to two years old: Reflexes (0 – 1 month): Looking and sucking Primary Circular Reactions (1-4 months): Adding new knowledge or sensation Secondary Circular Reactions (4-8 months): Becoming more aware of the environment and responding to it Coordination of Reactions (8-12 months): Recognizing objects and their qualities Tertiary Circular Reactions (12-18 months): Object Experiencing and Experimenting Early Representational Thought (18-24 months): Understanding and developing thought 2) The Preoperational Stage: This stage spans ages 2 through 7. It is the stage of language development, play and pretending, symbol manipulation, and the understanding of real world objects. However, he conducted many experiments on egocentrism and conservation to show that at this stage the child do not yet have the mental ability to process concrete logic or manipulate intelligent information. He demonstrated that children were unable to take on another person’s perspective with his famous â€Å"Three Mountain Task. Children were shown a 3 dimensional mountain scene then asked to pick a picture of their view, which they clearly could and did. But when asked to pick a picture if another person were looking at it from a different viewpoint they almost always chose their own view of the scene. Although not everyone agreed with his assessment, this stage focuses and is centered on abilities that children clearly have not as yet developed. (3) The Concrete Operational Stage: This stage starts at around age 7 and continues through to around age 11. During this stage children are fairly good at inductive logic with a better understanding of mental operations, yet abstract and hypothetical reasoning confounds them. Using inductive logic they are capable of going from specific deductions to a general deduction, but he determined that they experienced difficulties in using deductive logic to use a general principle to determine a specific one. At this stage the understanding of reversibility (being able to reverse the order of relationship between mental categories) is the most important development. The understanding that the family pet is a dog, that the dog is a German Shepard, and that the dog is an animal; is a most significant skill set at this stage. (4) The Formal Operation Stage: From age 12 and continuing through adulthood, skills such as systematic planning, deductive reasoning, logical thinking, and abstract thoughts are developed. Consequences of actions and possible outcomes are now more relied upon than trial and error and even previous experiences as in the earlier stages of development. Jean Piaget work has made a huge impact in the fields of psychology and children education. He realized that children were not less intelligent than adults but just process the limited information they possessed differently. As they continue towards adulthood changes in their cognitive development leads to changes in cognitive process and abilities. He believed that children cognitive development centers on actions and as they progressed through stages of development, further understanding and advances alter their cognitive reasoning and changes into mental operations. Jean Piaget died September 16th 1980. In his book â€Å"Genetic Epistemology†, he explained: â€Å"What the genetic epistemology proposes is discovering the roots of the different varieties of knowledge, since its elementary forms, following to the next levels, including also the scientific knowledge†. How to cite Jean Piaget, Papers

Threats to the Cyberspace Environment-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Identify common emerging threats, attacks, mitigation and countermeasures in networked information systems. Answer: Identification of Threats and Attacks Standard controls are not adequate in order to stay protected from the aggressive and advanced threats. A multi-layered approach towards cyber security that make use of machine based learning and advanced system of analytics would be essential in order to defend themselves against multiple stage attacks [1]. These attacks includes: Ransomware, IoT Botnets, Phishing attacks, Machine Learning aided attacks. Ransomware: In the recent times, the holding of the data of the organizations has increased rapidly. The amount that was paid to the developers of malware shows the increasing penetration of this technology within the internet network. IoT Botnets: An enormous DDoS attack in the year 2016 had proved that the current systems were inefficient regarding the scope of the recently designed cyber-attacks [2]. Phishing attacks: The phishing is defined as a concept in which the hackers would send deceitful emails from verified accounts for the purpose of targeting businesses with the help of individual members of the staff [12]. Machine Learning aided attacks: According to a latest report by Intel Security firm, it has been reported that the technology of machine learning is majorly been used in order to launch attacks on social engineering. Potential Damages The attacks based on cyber security can have a major impact on the internet based network. The threats and attacks that are being posed on the cyber security could cause a major harm to the computer systems. Ransomware: This kind of attack if posed on a system could lead to loss of information if the affected user does not pay the required amount within the proper time [9]. IoT botnet: The IoT botnet could manipulate the other devices. These could be easily enabled by penetrating into a single connected device and thus transferring the virus from that device to other devices and thus gain vital information [11]. Phishing attacks: These kind of cyber-attacks is deceitful as the attacks would firstly pose itself as a trustful email and then it would make the systems vulnerable whenever the user would click on the email. Clicking on the email would enable the tagged attachment and it would start its functioning. It would release a malware that is capable of stealing valuable data. Machine Learning aided attacks: In these kind of attacks, when the hackers would be able to gain direct access to the public data, they could make use of tools for the complex analysis in order to pick targets in a precise manner [8]. Challenges/Issues Based on the attacks and threats that are being faced by cyber security, it can be said that there are various challenges and issues to the security of internet technology [6]. The main challenges or the issues faced by security firms are: Design: Security experts suggest that an effective measure for security is an important aspect of the cyberspace. The developers of the security of the cyberspace have mainly focused on the various features of cyberspace. Many of the future needs for security cannot be predicted, which could pose an extreme challenge for the designers [7]. Environment: Cyberspace has been regarded as the major evolving technology in the history of computers. Social media, big data, IoT, cloud computing, mobile computing are some of the technologies that have complicated the evolving environment of threats to the cyber security. Incentives: The structure for the incentives of the economy for cybersecurity could be regarded as distorted. Cyber related crimes are often considered as profitable, cheap and safe for the criminals. In contrast to that, the security of the networks could be expensive. The returns of economic investment are also unsure. Mitigation and Countermeasure Strategies The information based infrastructures that are shared across private and public domains have the capability of sharing various common attributes that are in relation with IT based deployments and the communication of data. The integration strategies for multi-networking often leads to different kinds of vulnerabilities [4]. This could be helpful in reducing the security features of an organization. The different kinds of mitigation and strategies of countermeasure are described as follows: Regular Backup: The regular backup of software and the configuration settings should be retained for a minimum period of three months. This process is extremely vital in order to diminish the data, which is encrypted or which could be deleted with the help of some ransomware [5]. Continuity of Business and Plans for Disaster Recovery: The plans are being tested, documented and then they are printed on a softcopy that could be stored in the online platform. Capabilities of System-Recovery: The capabilities for the recovery of the system can assist with the mitigation of the destructive malware, malicious files that are meant to penetrate into the systems and other threats that can affect the cyberspace [10]. Personnel Management: It could be defined as the ongoing examination for different users who have privileged access. It would disable every account of departing users and would thus be able to remind users of their obligations of penalties and security [3]. Conclusion Based on the above report, it could be concluded that cyber security is a major aspect in the field of computing. The threats to the cyberspace environment could yield vital results for the future prospect of business and other organizations. Though there are many threats related to the cyberspace environment, yet stringent measures could help in mitigating the associated risks. References Von Solms, Rossouw, and Johan Van Niekerk. "From information security to cyber security."computers security38 (2013): 97-102. Bertino, Elisa, and Nayeem Islam. "Botnets and internet of things security."Computer50, no. 2 (2017): 76-79. Wang, W., Lu, Z. (2013). Cyber security in the smart grid: Survey and challenges.Computer Networks,57(5), 1344-1371. Cavelty, Myriam Dunn. "Breaking the cyber-security dilemma: Aligning security needs and removing vulnerabilities."Science and Engineering Ethics20, no. 3 (2014): 701-715. Lu, P., Zhang, L., Liu, X., Yao, J., Zhu, Z. (2015). Highly efficient data migration and backup for big data applications in elastic optical inter-data-center networks.IEEE Network,29(5), 36-42. Wang, Wenye, and Zhuo Lu. "Cyber security in the smart grid: Survey and challenges."Computer Networks57, no. 5 (2013): 1344-1371. Gunes, Volkan, Steffen Peter, Tony Givargis, and Frank Vahid. "A survey on concepts, applications, and challenges in cyber-physical systems."KSII Transactions on Internet Information Systems8, no. 12 (2014). Joseph, Anthony D., Pavel Laskov, Fabio Roli, J. Doug Tygar, and Blaine Nelson. "Machine learning methods for computer security (Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 12371)." InDagstuhl Manifestos, vol. 3, no. 1. Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, 2013. Hampton, Nikolai, and Zubair A. Baig. "Ransomware: Emergence of the cyber-extortion menace." (2015). White, Gregory B., Eric A. Fisch, and Udo W. Pooch.Computer system and network security. CRC press, 2017. Bertino, Elisa, and Nayeem Islam. "Botnets and internet of things security."Computer50, no. 2 (2017): 76-79. Halevi, Tzipora, James Lewis, and Nasir Memon. "A pilot study of cyber security and privacy related behavior and personality traits." InProceedings of the 22nd International Conference on World Wide Web, pp. 737-744. ACM, 2013

Midwifery Care for Social and Psychological- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMidwifery Carefor Social, Physical and Psychological. Answer: Midwifery care refers to the healthcare and support provided by midwives to the expectant mothers. It entails care during the pregnancy period, which is just before birth, the postpartum period and the care for the newborn babies. The process monitors the mothers holistic wellbeing in terms of social, physical and psychological during the childbearing cycle. The mother is provided with prenatal care, counseling, and education individually all with the aim of preventing health problems (Iserin, 2013). Midwifery care is important as it helps to detect any abnormal condition in the expectant mother hence preventing health complications during pregnancy. It also helps the expectant mother to seek medical assistance if necessary and setting up of emergency measures in instances whereby medical help is absent. Therefore, the essay will discuss the role midwives play to improve the health outcome for women with the cardiac disease during their pregnancy. Cardiac disease refers to the conditions which affect the heart whereby there are fatty deposits in the blood vessels; arteries leading to the patient being exposed to high chances of having blood clots. Pregnant mothers who have such a condition may be very sickly during the pregnancy period and their emotional requirements will be high, their needs may also be diverse showing potential complications. In this case, the midwifery care should entail aspects of cardiology and the midwives should be sensitive to the expectant mothers emotions to provide them with the emotional care needed due to their health conditions, this is imperative in order to improve their health condition Expectant mothers with cardiac disease should be taken care of by a multidisciplinary team comprising of a cardiac nurse, neonatologist, cardiologist, hematologist, and a specialized midwife and if pre-conception counseling has not been done, the wide wife should get a referral. The expectant mothers cardiac health should undergo frequent check, assessing the heart rhythm and the auscultation of both the heart and lungs. Midwifery assessment is important such as evaluating of drugs and their dosage during the antenatal period (Reimold Rutherford, 2014). During labor here should be the careful administration of the drugs that stop premature labor, this drugs should be friendly to the health condition and proper timing and mode of delivery should be taken into consideration. A close level of midwifery care is also important after birth. In conclusion, women with the heart conditions must get good preconception health care before getting pregnant as it may help prevent the death of some of them who may not be fit to give birth. Surgical correction of any problem discovered before pregnancy may also be helpful in terms of better outcome. It is also important for pregnant women with heart conditions to undergo auscultation of the lungs and heart because such conditions worsen during pregnancy and a referral to a more specialized practitioner may be helpful. These mothers are also advised to get pregnant at an early age. However, women to get pregnant at a later age should consider psychological support and midwifery that is evidenced-based. References Iserin L (2011) Management of pregnancy in women with congenital heart disease. Heart 85(5):493-494 Lee R (2015) Thromboembolism in pregnancy: a continuing conundrum. Annals of Internal Medicine 43(10):749-750 Reimold S, Rutherford J (2013) Valvular heart disease in pregnancy. The New England Journal of Medicine 349(1):52-60 Weiss B, Hess O (2010) Pulmosry vascular disease and pregnancy: current controversies, management and perspectives. European Heart journal 21,104-05

Appointment Dates For Admissions Essay Samples

Appointment Dates For Admissions Essay SamplesAdmissions departments are very meticulous when it comes to conducting their own essay samples, in particular when an applicant is seeking a qualified representative for an interview. Therefore, students should consider employing an experienced staff member in order to write his or her very own admission essay. He or she can offer useful advice on how to prepare the perfect essay.Applicants often fear that an untrained and unqualified writer will not be able to construct the information needed to complete the job application for future employment opportunities. This could happen even more if an applicant has personal financial commitments that require a significant amount of time to research and create the information for an essay. However, this danger is simply a myth, since an experienced and trained writer can offer a valuable service.The applicants would be well-advised to seek a prospective essay writer who is familiar with the emplo yment profile of the applicant. This person should have a background in various areas including economics, sociology, business, sociology, education, law, health, psychology, and engineering. These fields are the most sought after, and therefore it is wise to hire someone who has vast experience with them.Another factor to consider is the appointment dates. Since an applicant is seeking for employment that is very early, it is necessary to choose someone who has excellent communication skills and excellent interpersonal skills. Any applicant who lacks these will encounter difficulties during interviews and in the interview process itself.The assistant's assistantship essay sample is one of the most important parts of the entire admissions process. It should provide insight into the applicant's personality, background, potential, interest, and abilities. Although the applicant may have many similarities to others interviewed for the position, it is still important for him or her to h ighlight what is different about them.It is also important to consider the appointment dates when it comes to the assistantship essay sample. If the applicant is making plans to visit college campuses in the near future, then they should prepare the best essay in advance. This should include using the online resources to create an outline, conceptualize a strong opening statement, and so on.The appointment dates are a good indicator of when the essay sample will be completed. Once it is submitted, it is only then that it will be evaluated by the admissions advisor. An applicant may not need to worry about deadlines, but it is still smart to ensure the completion date.

Celta Lesson Plan Speaking and Writitng in Past Continuous Essay Example

Celta Lesson Plan Speaking and Writitng in Past Continuous Paper |Name |Date |Lesson no. Start time |Length | | |30-11-11 |3 |14:00 |40 minutes | |Melissa Sanchez | | | | | |Class (level, nationalities, comments) | | | | | |Pre-intermediate | | |Turkish, Syrian, Mexican, Chinese. | |Lesson aims |Assumptions (about what the students already know/can do) | | | | |Skills: Speaking (fluency practice of Past simple and Continuous) and Writing (a narrative) |The Ss may be able to use the Past simple and continuous when speaking and writing. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Anticipated problems with tasks and materials |Planned solutions | | | | |The Ss might find the new vocabulary difficult. |I will ask other Ss to help their peers by describing the word or using it in a sentence. Also, I will | | |prepare pictures of some difficult or new vocabulary to show them to reinforce the meaning. | | | | |The Ss may not understand the tasks. |I will ask them to explain the task in their own words. | | | | | | | | | |My personal aims for this l esson are to †¦ |Teaching materials | |Use simple instructions to explain the tasks and monitor the activities correctly. | | | |Photocopies, pictures. |and not to †¦ | | |Spend too much time writing on the board. | | | | | |Time |Stage name interaction |Procedure |Tutor’s comments | |How long will each |e. g. lead-in, listening for gist |What do you plan to do and why? What will Ss do? | | |stage take? †¦ |Please use 2 pages (or more) for Procedure | | | |TSs, SS etc | | | | | | | | |15:20 |Building a context |Use the pictures from previous teachers to elicit some vocabulary to create the context. | | | |T-Ss | | | | | |Explain to the Ss that they need to put some pictures in order to create a story. | | | | |Mention that the labels (a-i) in the pictures do not give the correct order. | | | |Write on the board: The jogger’s wallet. | | |15:23 |Pre teach new vocabulary |Ask them to think any vocabulary they think they need to tell the story. If necessary | | | | |ask them the meaning of: to go jogging, to bump into, to knock somebody to the ground, | | | |T-Ss |to sprint. | | | |Write the new vocabulary on the board eliciting and highlighting stress. Drilling. | | | | |Put the Ss in pairs (or groups). | | | | |Check for understanding with Qs: | | | | |Can you follow the labels to create the story? | | | |Hand out a jumbled set of pictures to each pair (or group). | | |15:30 |Ss-T |Ask some Ss to come to the board to write the order of their story. | | | | | | | | | |Ask each pair to tell you their version of the story. | | |Ss-T | | | | | |Ask the Ss to guess what the jogger is doing in each picture. | | | | |Read the story so they can check if they had the correct order. | | | | | | | |15:35 | |Ask them to tell each other the story. Monitor the conversations. Take notes of any | | | | |mistakes. Give feedback. | | |15:55 |Freer spoken practice | | | | |Ss-Ss | | | | | |Tell the Ss they will write the story adding more details. | | | | | | | |T-Ss |Each pair (or group) will write a sentence of the story and pass it to the next pair to | | | | |check and write the next part of the story. | | | |Freer written practice |Collect the story and explain you will mark it and give it back next class. | | |Ss-Ss | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | We will write a custom essay sample on Celta Lesson Plan Speaking and Writitng in Past Continuous specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Celta Lesson Plan Speaking and Writitng in Past Continuous specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Celta Lesson Plan Speaking and Writitng in Past Continuous specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

5 excuses that won’t work for calling out during the “bomb cyclone”

5 excuses that won’t work for calling out during the â€Å"bomb cyclone† So you may or may not have heard about the weather forecast for January 4th 2018. Well here’s a quick update on what to expect. There will be a bomb cyclone up ahead for the East Coast. What’s a bomb cyclone you may ask? Well according to USA Today, a bomb cyclone occurs through the process of  bombogenesis, which is basically a winter hurricane. There will be heavy snow, wind, and below freezing temperatures ahead in the forecast. Be prepared! Some areas are expected to get nearly a foot or more of snow. Even with the arctic conditions up ahead calling out of work may not be an option for some. But if you are still planning to stay home under a warm blanket with a hot cup of cocoa, these 5 excuses for calling out of work will not cut it.  Ã‚  Ã‚  My car is snowed in.via GIPHY2. I slipped and fell on my way out the door.via GIPHY3. I don’t own any snow boots/ snow gear.via GIPHY4. I tried to come in but the children on my block threw snowballs at me and now I am in the hospital.via GIPHY5. It is way too cold to be outside.via GIPHYThere you have it. These 5 excuses will not work tomorrow. Good luck, be safe, and keep warm during the bomb cyclone. The first snow storm of 2018.

Repeat Purchases, High and Low Involvement, Organizational Purchasing Assignment

Repeat Purchases, High and Low Involvement, Organizational Purchasing and Consumer Satisfaction - Assignment Example Under business theory, there is always the threat of substitutes in a market, which means that other competing companies will often develop innovations that are similar to an existing product. One can take into consideration a technology brand such as a CD player. Substitute products in the market for this product include mobile smart phones that can sustain music selections or even Apple iPod. If the marketer is unable to get repeat purchases, then there is always the risk of defection to competing substitute products that will, over time, erode profitability. Additionally, establishment of brand loyalty is very important not only to ensure revenues from customer sales but also to outperform competition with similar product offerings and ensure that the life cycle of the product can be sustained. Under the product life cycle model, products move through an introductory stage, a growth stage, a maturity stage and a decline stage depending on how long the marketer can sustain demand f or this product. When a product reaches the decline stage, as consumers no longer demand the product in high volumes, cash management and inventory control become a major strategic problem (Dooley, 2005). By being able to promote a desire to make repeat purchases, it has the ability to extend the life cycle of the product which gives the business opportunities to avoid restructuring its operations and marketing strategies, which can be very costly to the organization. Marketers can prompt repeat purchases in several ways. First, they can use psychographic segmentation and targeting strategies to create long-term connections with the consumer lifestyle, attitudes and behaviors. Some products are not easily differentiated because they have benefits and functions similar to other competing products. Therefore, they use positioning strategies to emphasize one unique characteristic that is different from competing products to let consumers know how the product can enhance their lives, su ch as focusing on premium ingredients in a food product. If the marketer illustrates to the consumer that its product has long-term benefits to enhance the lifestyle and it is promoted more effectively than competing products, there is a much greater chance that the consumer demand for the product will be sustained. For example, some companies will use celebrity endorsements as a means of promoting more interest in a product, using credible and attractive role models that fit the lifestyle characteristics of the target market. Under social learning theory in psychology, celebrity endorsements often promote repeat purchases when such lifestyle connections have been made (Pornpitakpan, 2003). High Involvement and Low Involvement Buying candy from the supermarket in the convenience section near the register represents very low involvement purchase decision-making. When making this decision, there was very little thought about what would be an appropriate product due to two specific fac tors. First, the time frame allowed while the checkout clerk is ringing up the product is very short and therefore, in order to get the product to the register in the allotted amount of time, a rapid decision must be made. Secondly, whether the buyer was hungry or not determines the size, flavor and ultimate choice of the candy product. A fast decision based on fast nutrition needs determines the volume of time selecting the product. A high involvement decision includes shopping for a new flat screen television set. I wanted to have specific features, resolution and was very focused on price as decision-making criteria in this high involvement purchase. During this decision-making process, I compared prices

Retiring Abroad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Retiring Abroad - Essay Example this new trend of retiring abroad, especially in the aftermath of the global financial meltdown that decimated home values and ravaged many accounts. Many people continue living where they live because of their work. When they retire, they make the ultimate decision of moving to a place where they will feel more comfortable and where their money will last (Knowledge). According to Social Security Administration’s annual statistical supplement, the exact number of Americans retirees receiving social security benefits outside the United States is 350,000. The majority of these individuals are finding their way to countries like Ecuador, Mexico, Canada and the UK (Edwards & Daniels 101). This number is expected to increase with 4 million baby boomers already making plans to retire abroad (Edwards & Daniels 100). The main driving force behind this new trend shown by retirees is financial security. According to the confidence survey of 2014, only 14 percent of the workers indicated that they were confident of having enough funds to live comfortably in the United States. This low level of confidence comes as a result of the global economic crisis that crushed the gains that had been made on the middle income household net worth. During this period, home price index went down by 23 percent (Knowledge). Retirement accounts that act as supplements to social security and other forms of retirement income were also not spared (Knowledge) The cost of living in such countries is much lower compared to the United States. For example, the rent in San Jose, a city in Costa Rica is 57 percent lower than in the city if Philadelphia (Knowledge para.8). Additionally, the prices for consumer goods are lower by 59 percent when the same city is compared to American cities. These benefits notwithstanding, the retirees need to know that that there are hidden charges that they need to consider before deciding to reside abroad. For instance, the imported goods in emerging markets are

Social Network Self Image And Esteem Media Essay

Social Network Self Image And Esteem Media Essay Social Networking is the act of interacting and networking with others in a social online environment via the use of a website It includes a variety of technology tools on the internet which helps the society interact and exchange media, information and resources such as pictures, songs, articles and ideas it could be through text, audio, video, images, and other multimedia communications. Social Networking has escalated to a point where it becomes part of peoples everyday living. These sites have provoked a lot of controversies and reactions; they have increased well overtime and have become so popular around the world mostly because of the freedom that comes with it. Just in a little while you can make friends across the globe, get to know so much about them and their cultures and beliefs. It is the fastest growing tool of communication on the internet and just like all other sites on the internet it has its advantages and disadvantages, I realized that it has most especially influ enced the society on their self-esteem or self-Image negatively and I proposed this study to explore the effects of a particular social network face book how it has affected how we feel about or see ourselves, others and the world at large but also how we can use it to our advantage instead. This study seeks to understand how these networking sites affect its users psychologically. We know that Human communication in its most primitive form has been in existence since the genesis of humans. However, the past three decades has shown that the basis of how people exchange information has taken a different dimension. One reason for this change is the development in the technology of communication, such as: the use of Internet, instant messaging, and social networking sites, just to mention a few. Researchers pondered in time past if the Internet would improve the traditional face-to-face (FTF) communication (Flaherty, Pearce, Rubin, 1998; Barber, Mattson, Peterson, 1997;London, 1993) . Researchers today are still arguing whether that transformation has come to pass (McLeod Ho, 2008) and what the effects of that substitution will be. TABLE OF CONTENTS Pageà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Abstractà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦. Introductionà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦ 1 Research Questionsà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦. 2 Research Objectivesà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦ 3 2.0 The Problem Statementà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦.. 3 2.1 Significance of the studyà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦. 4 2.2 Structure of the researchà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦ 5 List of Figures Social Networking Websitesà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦.. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Social networks have had a great impact on our self-image and esteem from the onset the reason may be because it doesnt allow readers, viewers or listeners to participate in the creation or development of the content. It is a platform for people from all over the globe to come together and socialize with each other. It is so fast growing we can see that it has captured the attention and minds of millions. Jen Comas Keck studied that over half of the women she interviewed said that looking at pictures and status updates on social networks sites made them more self-conscious about their body and their weight. In the same study she said that  the most avid female social media users were also more likely to be unhappier and less content with their lives than others.  (Jen Comas Keck, 2012). Its hard to deny the addictive qualities of the social media. If you cant stay off it and what you see is making you feel bad about yourself, I think we can agree that it can be pretty dangerous for your self-esteem.  It seems like nowadays, having a positive body image isnt something that comes naturally for most people. It has to be worked towards.   Even though these social network sites undoubtedly serve as some kind of entertainment for us it is an undeniable fact that it is also affecting us on some deeper level. Face book has made life seem like a competition for most people because it involves whos the best of what or whos more sexy or appealing to the general public. Fig 1: Social Networking Websites Angela Haupt shows that she blamed Facebook for the promotion of poor body image. She said The popular social networking site may be promoting poor body image among its users, according to a new survey from the Centre for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt in Maryland. About 75 percent of Facebook users said they were unhappy with their bodies, and 51 percent said seeing photos of themselves on the site made them more weight conscious. Slightly more than 30 percent said they felt sad when they compared Facebook photos of themselves to their friends photos. People are now constantly aware of their appearance, thanks to Facebook, (Steven Crawford) A common reaction is, I need to be thinner. And its that kind of thinking that can lead to hazardous dieting. Facebook is an influential factor in developing severe eating disorders. Dr Gwenn OKeeffe stated that For some teens, social network sites is the primary way they interact socially, rather than at the mall or a friends house, OKeeffe said in a prepared statement. A large part of this generations social and emotional development is occurring while on the Internet and on cell phones. Parents need to understand these technologies so they can relate to their childrens online world à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ and comfortably parent in that world. 1.1 Research Questions How does face book affect the self image or self esteem of its users and about the addiction it causes also the effects of cyber bullying? What are the categories of people mostly affected by these effects of face book? What can be done to avoid or at least reduce the impact of the hazard caused by face book and turn it to our advantage? 1.2 Research objectives 1. To investigate the effects face book has on its users. 2. To investigate the categories of people affected most by the effects caused by face book. 3. To investigate ways to avoid or reduce such conflicts on face book and how to improve self worth even while using the social network. 2.0 THE PROBLEM STATEMENT Face book was invented by a Mark Zuckerberg in 2004, he is a computer programmer and internet entrepreneur (management of face book newsroom {2012}) face book was created as a platform for communication between friends, classmates and the world at large. It was aimed at creating a forum where people can interact freely with each other through their ideas, thoughts, pictures and personal conversations. It took a turn around when it was realized that people started using it as an opportunity to showcase themselves mainly through their pictures and those with more attractive pictures were giving more attention now causing the less attractive to feel unwanted and even a bit depressed. Researchers have proven that it actually detracts from a strong sense of self-worth, (Amanda Forrest and Joanne Wood in  Psychological Science) studied that those with low self-esteem frequently post updates that work against them. They tend to criticize their friends with negative details of their lives, making them less likeable as friends but those with high self esteem were well received. Face book is like a world of fantasy but people take it too serious and tend to be hurt by everything they read or see and are easily hurt when it seems like everyone is having more fun than them. 2.1 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The main purpose of this research paper is to identify the effects face book has on its users and to find ways to help reduce the problems by giving my opinion and bringing up suggestions in which we can be on face book without feeling bad about ourselves. 2.2 STRUCTURE OF THE RESEARCH: The structure of my research will be as thus: Chapter 1 Introduction The first chapter will discuss the background study and introduction about this research. This includes the research question, objectives and scope of the research amongst others. Chapter 2 Literature Review This section will discuss the secondary data and other relevant information related to my research and the views of previous researchers too. Chapter 3 Research Methods Ill present the various techniques I used for my research and Ill discuss the method of data collection too. Chapter 4 Data Analysis Ill discuss the analysis of the data collected. Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendations and Limitations This will be the last chapter Ill discuss about my findings of the research and recommend on solutions I find suitable. Limitations Summary, Bibliography and References. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 INTRODUCTION: The social networking sites are defined by the oxford dictionary as a network of social interactions and personal relationships also a dedicated website or other application which enables users to communicate with each other by posting information, comments, messages, images, etc (online oxford advanced dictionary) These social networking sites can be seen as a site which lays its focus on connecting people who share common interests, or activities. It provides a means which enables users to interact with others over the internet that is instant messaging or email. These sites are meant to aid users share interests, ideas, activities etc with other people in the same network groups. Below are examples of well known social networking sites. Facebook Twitter Badoo Bebo Hi5 Tagged Skyrock Flicker Youtube Linkedin Facebook is a renowned social network site which was established in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg alongside his roommates and fellow Harvard University students Carlson, Nicholas (March 5, 2010)At Last à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬The Full Story Of How Facebook Was Founded. At first the membership of the site was limited only to the founders and students of Harvard University it was however extended to other students in Boston and gradually it spread to other Universities in the United States and now all over the world. It is without a doubt the most popular social network site on the internet and all over the world. I believe facebook Brings together every kind of social group in one place and allows them interact, I believe everyone have different reasons why they join Facebook, some for businesses, pleasure, catching up with old friends or making new ones, some to discover the trend in music or arts or advertise their products or businesses it can be used in a lot of ways and honestly it depends on what it can do for you, while some have found it to be very beneficial and advantageous, others have really had a tough time on it. I will be discussing some of the advantages as well as disadvantages of Facebook as a social networking site below: Advantages: it is undeniable that it has become a very good form of communication because it has become universal and almost everyone has a Facebook account whether they are active or not; it helps people keep in touch with the world or reconnect old friends, or even help people meet and make new friends. Also it is now one of the best ways to stay informed about the latest news, business, fashion trends, arts, music and a whole lot of things. Well we can see that these social networks interconnects family, friends through constant communication or being up to date in each others lives when it is impossible to communicate face to face. Social networks since they began have made it easier for everyone to be more involved and educated about whats going on around the world. People in Africa can meet and learn things about people in the UK and vice versa there is no barrier geographically. There has been an increase in inter racial friendship and more knowledge about other cultures, beli efs and ethics are being learnt daily. Before social media sites began, we gained knowledge about other countries or people mainly through the media {TV, radio, newspapers etc.} but now we dont really need the media because with the social sites we can learn about all we need to know by interacting personally with citizens of the country or see the news from different perspective in an unbiased way, and sometimes we stay more informed with this sites because not everyone watches the news or read the papers, but one can accidentally read or hear about it on social networks. It has in a huge way helped people to air their views and opinions on certain issues, people can talk freely about politics, music, arts and so many other issues, even celebrities now have an easier avenue to inform their fans on the tours, their lifestyles, and also determine their fan base all around the world. Interestingly, some of these sites such as facebook have helped in solving some crimes, e.g. there was a case of some criminals who had stolen and came on facebook and bragged about it. They were tracked down by the authorities through that. It is also used as a forum to raise funds for charities or raising awareness about certain illnesses. There is an instance of a life being saved by an organ donor because of a post on a facebook. These social networks are free so its a cheaper way to keep in touch with people and for business owners it doesnt cost them anything to advertise their products and keep in touch with their consumers. From all the points above we can see that these social networking sites help us broaden our knowledge and widen our culture. Disadvantages: Just as everything with an advantage it also has its disadvantages. Personally I think the disadvantages have a larger and most standing effect, which is one of the reasons why I have chosen to talk about them. One of the most common is identity theft or fraud. Overtime these sites have been used by people to scam and assume the identities of whoever they want to Impersonate, most of the accounts are hacked into or pictures of people taken due to the low level of privacy people have on these sites and are used for fraudulent purposes. Another great disadvantage I want to consider is the Addiction; these sites can be so addictive and time consuming that the individual loses the will to do anything else except stay online at all times, cyber bullying is another great disadvantage because this affects the individual deeply and has been the cause of depression which leads to suicide. Our self esteem and self image are at a huge risk because the world is becoming more diffi cult to please and certain standards are being raised that one has to meet up to, a lot of people have to bother with self image and self esteem issues everyday of their lives and now with all these social networks everywhere it has become harder to deal with because they out their lives out there hoping to be appreciated but in return get bullied or made fun of, this will hurt their pride and demoralize them even. I intend to carefully take out time and explain these terms I mentioned above and show how they pose as a life changing problem to individuals. Almost everyone these days has access to the internet, even if they dont have a laptop or desktop they have their hand phones which they can equally use to access facebook. Addiction Can be defined as  the continued use of a  mood altering substance  or behaviour despite adverse dependency consequences (Angres DH, Bettinardi-Angres 2008),  or a neurological impairment leading to such behaviours. {American Society for Addiction, Medicine (2012)}. It occurs when a person is engaged in activities that are pleasurable to them but as they engage more often it becomes a compulsion than voluntary act and it begins to interfere with their normal daily activities, schedules or responsibilities. Addiction can either be on substance dependence or drug addiction which is the most common or behavioural addiction (sex, internet, gambling etc). Medilexicons  medical dictionary defined it as  Habitual psychological or physiologic dependence on a substance or practice that is beyond voluntary control. Fig 2: Facebook Addiction Behavioural Addiction: This is the type of addiction that doesnt depend on drugs; it is in no way substance-related {Albrecht U, Kirschner NE, GrÃÆ' ¼sser SM. (2007)}, it can also be known as a process addiction (Shaffer, Howard J. Understanding the means and objects of addiction: Technology, the internet, and gambling) It includes an exigency to frequently engage in a particular activity until there is a serious destructive repercussion which affects the individual physically, socially, mentally, and even financially. The proof of definite addiction is known when despite all these consequences the individual remains persistent. Its not in all cases that the substance or behaviour which causes addiction is harmful; sometimes a seemingly harmless activity or substance like chocolate, internet, coffee and a lot more arent harmful in nature but the excessive and repeated use of them can lead to a strong addiction and become harmful. The facebook addiction is a behavioural one its Addiction can lead to over-exhilaration, and cause apprehension and stress, wreck relationships, and can stand as a menace  to the family entity. The lack of interpersonal physical attraction can be quite harmful. Previous studies have shown that facebook can be very addictive because people stay on the internet all day, not only through laptops or desktops but through hand phones too because most of these sites now have applications on phone, thereby making it easier for accessibility at any time and place. People actually ignore their real lives for social networks, they prefer to spend time with their online friends than face real life, theres been complains from a lot of parents about their kids addiction to social networks and how it distracts them even from doing homework , house chores and prevents them from socializing with their peers. These social networks place no limit to what information can be placed out there for everyone to see; most people tend to share too much information about themselves or family or even about others. Most times this information has encouraged cyber-stalking. Besides the addiction and it makes its users to decline in face to face communication with other individuals, people hide behind the computer screen and assume any sort of personality but in reality they are far from the appearances they put up on the internet, it is also scary because in as much as they can assume a personality so can anyone else, so people are usually deceived by whatever they are led to believe on these social networks. In my country Nigeria, there was an incident which occurred involving a girl who met some guys on facebook and started off as friends and got very close and they decided after a while to meet up physically, things turned out for the worse when she got raped by them and almost killed. She was a vi ctim because she was gullible and got carried away by everything she perceived them to be on facebook. It is so evident to see that anyone can assume any identity on the internet. Theres an outline below on the effects of facebook addiction on us: Concentration loss: when our ability to concentrate is being jeopardized it causes disruptions and makes us always lag behind in our work or everyday life. Stress: this is an important effect of facebook addiction; it causes us to be stressed out thereby lowering our emotional ability to understand. The need to always be online: it gives us this endless need to always be online even if theres nothing serious to do online. Comparison: people mostly use facebook to show-off so when we see all the fun activities and happy posts of people it breeds jealousy and resentment. It makes us unconsciously compare our lives and activities to others Living an imaginary life: it debilitates our contentment with real life happenings and can lead to depression. Time wastage: it occupies our time thereby leaving us no room to engage in other profitable activities. Physically: it can affect us physically because sitting for long and staring at the computer can either hurt our backs or make our eyes blur. Mental disorder: it can cause us to deteriorate in other activities and cause stress. When a point is reached where the tension and despair supersedes any pleasure or benefit which was once gotten from the habit then it is safe to say the individual is very addicted to that cause. Cyber bullying This is the type of bullying which take place via electronic devices, either through email, instant messaging, cell phones, chat rooms etc. People use technology to harass or send threats has been on the increase since social networking sites became so popular; it has a very devastating impact on its victims such as depression, loneliness and suicide. People are so mean online, whether its friends or people you know to total strangers. Cyber bullying can take form in different ways: Through abusive texts and emails Posting nasty messages or pictures Emulating others online Ignoring others online Inappropriate tagging of pictures Inappropriate conversations Posting personal information about people online Sometimes it is even stretched out by an individuals account being hacked into and the hacker poses as the individual and uses the account to harm the individuals personality or reputation. There are also so many instances on suicidal cases caused by cyber bullying but despite all these it is still on the increase and more people are affected daily. Cyber bullying is very different from bullying that take place face to face because; The bully can assume a sense of anonymity. It is very difficult to avoid and can take place at any time sometimes for 24hrs. The individual can be targeted wherever they are, it can be obtrusive. It takes place on a social platform so it has a larger number of spectators. Anonymity is an active compelling force, the thought of being hidden behind a fake-screen name gives us this feeling of invincibility and invisibility so we feel we can do and say anything we want. Nevertheless on facebook we are not as anonymous as we think in fact there can hardly be anonymity on facebook, most times even with our identities being known we still act inappropriately. Were less self-conscious on facebook because the interactions happen over cyberspace and we cant see the physical response of the individual we are remitting. In such cases it is hard to lay emphasis on things that actually matter like getting to know each other and our differences; instead we spend our time barbarizing each other. When online people forget the term treat others how you would want to be treated they just act totally out of place. Ive seen good, nice people behave like jerks on facebook just because they feel invincible. Fig 3: Cyber bullying Mostly self image and self esteem are mistaken to be the same thing, even though they are closely related they are different. Self Image It is known as the mental picture which one has already in their minds about themselves or about how others view them. Wikipedia online defines it as the picture in ones mind that is hard to change, that represents not only details that are feasibly available to objective probe by others (height, weight, hair colour, etc.), but also personal experiences or by  the judgments of others which also contributed in teaching the person about themselves or how they perceive themselves What do you believe people think about you? Self image can be seen from three different perspectives: The first is an outcome of how the individual sees himself The second results from how others actually see the individual Lastly, this results from how the individual perceives others see him. Sometimes these perspectives might not be the truth about an individual and at times all three can be accurate. Self image is a very important part of anyones life because it has a huge impact on how we live and relate with others. Poor self-image is mostly as a result of so much negativity of criticisms one has heard about themselves either from childhood or even as grownups. Children and teenagers mostly fall victims of poor self-image because they are still very vulnerable and prone to believe anything people say about them, mostly because they are not very mature to evaluate those things said and able build a good self-esteem on their own. There are some set of people who naturally have this feeling of unworthiness they are easily exposed to exhibit a poor self-image. Poor self-image can arise mostly from the type of personality one has or exhibits. When evaluating others the level of self-esteem of the evaluator comes into play because it is most likely that they will present their judgement based on how they feel about themselves. When individuals evaluate someone, they are less likely to evaluate that person negatively if their self-images had been strengthened through a self-affirmation procedure, and vice-versa they are likely to evaluate that person stereotypically if their self-images have been intimidated by negative feedback Fein, S., Spencer, S.J. (1997. Individuals may restore their self-esteem by disparaging the member of a stereotyped group Florack, A., Scarabis, M., Gosejohann, S. (2005) Our self image can be greatly affected by what we see or hear about ourselves. Fig. 4: Self image I believe Social networks are a form of an illusion which allows people to live in a fantasy and are allowed to exaggerate on anything they deem fit. Self Esteem This Reflects on the total emotional appraisal of an individual on his worth. It is a way one judges himself or the attitude with which one views himself; it circumscribes ones belief of ones self {for example, am I worthy, and am I adequate} it swirls up deep emotions such as elation, depression, hate, pride and embarrassment (John P. 2009). The self-concept is what we think about self; self-esteem is the positive and negative evaluations of our self and our feelings towards it (E.R. Smith/D. M. Mackie, Social Psychology 2007). Self-esteem is closely related to self consciousness; it explains the self judgemental side of an individual which appends worthiness feelings, discouragement and closely related feelings. Self esteem has very little to do with how others view the individual it is mainly ones self-judgement of their appetency. It can also be seen as self confidence or self respect, it is a very important and delicate part of our existence because it affects even the life changing decisions we make, helps us face challenges in life, it even broadens our understanding on solving problems. It also gives us a sense to our right to be happy and respected. Self-esteem is being hurt when individuals feel inconsistent with the happenings of the world or they feel centred in a way of not being able to meet up to standards, or even feelings that they are being closely watched and scrutinised for one reason or the other. It is closely related to our well being psychologically so it is to be treated with carefulness as a delicate part of us. Self worth, self respect, self integrity and self regard are all synonyms associated with self esteem. It is an opinion of how people see themselves, for example personally I consider myself a good person and I feel particularly good about it, now that is my self esteem it is my opinion about myself but if everyone around me thinks differently and constantly points out how bad of a person I am, eventually these thoughts will begin to seem true to me and that is the same way facebook affects our self esteem and messes our mind up. Everyone no matter how perfect they seem face lack of confidence in some instances, but some people just have a very low opinion of themselves with this constant feeling of being inadequate, so they are very sad and unsatisfied with themselves almost all the time, and its difficult though not impossible to change this mindset so it causes anxiety and depression to the individual. Having a high self esteem is healthy because it boosts ones likeness for their selves thereby making it easy to set and accomplish certain goals. Fig 5: Self esteem There are certain traits which an individual with low self esteem portrays which are very evident, below are the most common. Always ignoring their positive or good qualities Exorbitantly critical about themselves. Always uses contravening words to describe themselves. E.g. Ugly, fat, foolish, etc. They always indulge in negative self talk which curtails them talking bad about themselves to themselves. Hardly believes in compliments, sometimes might even misunderstand it and think theyre being made fun of instead. Always blames themselves for everything that goes wrong, even uncontrollable forces or actions of people Never takes credit for their accomplishments, instead believes luck plays a huge role in it. Self esteems main problems occurs when individuals compares themselves with others, it causes a deep frustration and also when they dont get more comments or likes as they feel they deserve or even try to compare it to that of their friends through. This can cause serious strife and unnecessary envy amongst friends or even family members. CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Introduction This chapter of my research study is focused on the research methodology which was used in this project, as well as identifying and sampling the population involved. The research hypothesis and framework were developed in this chapter, also the methods that were used in distributing and collecting the questionnaire will also be discussed. Furthermore it explains the methods used to conduct the research elements of the study, so it stretches out to discuss the research design, the purpose for the research, subjects and material tools and steps taken. The scope of the study will be identified here. I will specify the sources of my information, the technique of research, and the methodology of sampling. Type of Research This research is an applied one made with an effort to expand my knowledge and any other researcher in the field of social networks and most especially its effects. It will also serve as a fundamental for future research by scholars in that particular field. Purpose of the research This study is an analytical research which seeks out to explain how these social networking sites work and the long lasting effects it has on us. This research is expository also as it can help users of facebook aware of the damage it can create for them, t