Vygotsky s Theory Of The Zone Of Proximal Development

In chapter 9 of the textbook â€Å"Children† by John Santrock, Vygotsky’s theory of the zone of proximal development was discussed. The zone of proximal development is the space in which learning is accomplished. Within this zone, you are taking into account the skills that children can complete by themselves and also the skills that they would have the ability to complete with some help. With the zone of proximal development, you are looking at what a child can accomplish by them self, which is called the lower limit. Along with looking at those skills, you are looking at what the child can then accomplish with some help, which is called the upper limit. According to Vygotsky, the space between the lower limit and the upper limit is where the most beneficial learning for that child takes place. When the learning is occurring the lower and upper limits will move to allow for the newly learned material, this movement is called scaffolding. In order to learn about putting the theory of the zone of proximal development into practice, I went to the Wegmans Playground on the 16th of October at 2:00 pm to observe children learning in this environment. I observed a Caucasian female, about three and a half feet tall. She was wearing clean clothing and accompanied by a woman. The girl was smiling and running around and talking with the woman who had accompanied her. When she attempted to go up on the monkey bars by herself, she was able to get up to the bar and hold on but was unable toShow MoreRelatedCollaborative Learning : The Theory Of Vygotsky s Conception Of Zone Of Proximal Development1951 Words   |  8 PagesCollaborative learning stems from the theory of Vygotsky’s conception of Zone of proximal development. The thought is that children learn best with â€Å"help and guidance† (Ormrod, 2012). In transitioning this zone to a collaborative learning experience, children work with their peers in broadeni ng their learning experience, allowing small groups of students to work together to share knowledge, exchange ideas, problem solve, and more. These classroom environments help to create durable abilities inRead MorePiaget vs. Vygotsky1120 Words   |  5 PagesThe theory of cognitive development is defined as the development of the ability to think and reason. There are many theorists who have studied cognitive theories and the most famous is Jean Piaget. Cognitive development covers the physical and emotional stages of a child. The basic premise for cognitive development is to show the different stages of the development of a child so you can understand where the child might be in their development. Understanding cognitive development will betterRead MoreVygotsky s Theory Of Internalisation1709 Words   |  7 Pages Vygotsky also introduced his theory of internalisation, one of the main concepts that differentiated from that of Jean Piaget (Duchesne, S., McMaugh, A. 2016. P.103). The theory of internalisation put forward by Vygotsky is an idea that suggests an individual is able to observe and internalise the ideas and processes of their surroundings as they partake in social interaction defined as, â€Å"new ways of thinking† (Duchesne, S., McMaugh, A.,2016p.103). During social interaction the individualsRead MoreVygotsky s Theory On Cognitive Development Essay733 Words   |  3 Pages â…“ of a page on vygotsky Lev Semionovich Vygotsky was a Russian psychologist and constructivist learning theorist who was known for arguing against the theories of psychologist Jean Piaget. Piaget believed that in order for any learning to occur there had to development within the individual first, but Vygotsky argued the contrary. He argued that in order for development to occur, the individual would first have to have learning take place through instruction and example in a given appropriate environmentRead MoreVygotsky s Theory Of Cognitive Development917 Words   |  4 Pagesand Margetts (2012) demonstrate that cognitive development is much more than the addition of new facts and ideas to an existing store of information - maturation, activity and social transmission influence cognitive development. One very respected researcher of cognitive development and, in particular, sociocultural effects on such development, was Lev Vygotsky, whose original Russian journal articles are now available in English. Vygotsky’s theory revolves around peer-mediated learning, and hasRead MoreJean Piaget And Vygotsky And Language Development In Children1748 Words   |  7 PagesJean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky are two influential thinkers who have impacted the speech and language pathology field with their key theories. Piaget believed that there are four main stages in a child’s development that lead to a child learning language. Without these stages, Piaget argues that a child cannot cognitively grow at an appropriate pace (Kaderavek, 2105, p. 18 and p. 23). However, Vygotsky argues the Social Interactionist Theory, which states children develop language through social interactingRead MoreVygotsky s Theories Theory Theories994 Words   |  4 PagesPSY112 Assignment #1 Devyn Crocker Vygotsky’s Theories Vygotsky’s theories jumped out at me because I thought that this was an interesting topic of choice.I am very interested in learning how children develop, not only in the classroom, but also outside the classroom. I was curious if a scientist believed that nurture is what helps children to learn and develop instead of just being born that way with nature. In my opinion, the way children are raised is the way they learn and develop their attitudesRead MorePiaget And Vygotsky Theory Of Cognitive Development Essay826 Words   |  4 Pagescognitive development and, highlight both Piaget and Vygotsky’s theory as it relates to cognitive development, and the significant differences between them. The term cognitive development refers to the process of growth and change in intellectual, mental abilities such as thinking, reasoning and understanding. It comprises of the acquisition and consolidation of knowledge. Infants draw on social-emotional, language, motor, and perceptual experience and abilities for cognitive development. AccordingRead MoreVygotsky s Theory Of Human Development1386 Words   |  6 PagesLev Vygotsky was an educator and a theorist known primarily for his sociocultural theory. Vygotsky developed the sociocultural theory, which is the theory of human development through social and cultural influences (Aimin, 2013), during the 1920’s-30’s. One of Vygotsky’s focuses was the concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD), which is the idea of a child being appropriately challenged, this will be discussed further on. His theory stemmed from how children’s learning is impacted greatlyRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1519 Words   |  7 Pagesboth Piaget and Vygotskian theories in the sense that they describe how the child s mind develops through different forms of stimuli that occur during early childhood. Piaget s theory focuses mainly on things such as; how children think; how the world around them is perceived and how the newly found info rmation is explained through the language they use. Vygotsky s theory however differs as the effects of different forms of social interaction occur in cognitive development such as; internalisation;

Jean Piaget Free Essays

The history of psychology dates back to the ancient Greeks, Callahan and India. There are even some records of psychology dating back to ancient Egypt. Psychology is the study of the human mind and it’s functions. We will write a custom essay sample on Jean Piaget or any similar topic only for you Order Now It used to be a branch of philosophy, but in the asses it developed into an independent science, when Wilhelm Wound founded the first laboratory dedicated to psychology. In the ancient times, psychology had to do with evil spirits and souls, which remedies were incinerations and curses. Right now, In modern times, we know that psychology has nothing to do with that, but with the rain and the way it works. Jean Pigged was born In Nucleus, Switzerland in 1896. He did his license and PhD on biology at the university of his hometown. It was his background on biology, and his interest on epistemology (the theory of knowledge), that made him want to find out how the mind comes to know knowledge, objects and concepts, which then lead him to study the development of children, especially his own. He observed, talked and listen to them, as well as other children, while he performed exercises to test his theories, studies that he then published and helped IM create his theory. Piglet’s theory is called Intellectual Development, it is based on the maturation of the human. It was divided into four stages. These stages happen in between the ages of O and 15 years old. The first stage that happens between the age of O and 2, it is called Seismometer Stage. Children start to differentiate themselves from objects and knows more about himself and where he is. Also a key think kids learn Is that if parents or any object Is outside of his sight It will continue to exist. Pre-operational stage comes around 2-7 years of age, the most important thing happening in this stage is that children learn how to use language and by using this skill they represent objects by words or images. Children begin to use symbols to represent objects, also they don’t have a sense of time and are influenced by fantasy and think others fantasize like them. Concrete Operational is the stage happening while the child is 7 to 12 years old. During this age children get more comfortable with themselves, and develop an ability to think and make judgment about important things. In this stage It Is common that children ask many questions and would like to explain things to their parents. The last stage of Piglet’s theory is called Formal Operational Stage, in this stage teenagers are Individual and know how to make complete Judgment by themselves. Teenagers are capable or reasoning and will be more open and have a wide range of ideas because they can consider many possibilities and see from different perspectives Jean Piglets theory of intellectual development Is very similar but at the same time very different than Erikson theory. Piglet’s theory is based on maturation and what children and adults hint and develop while growing up, while Erikson theory is more about what you feel and who you are as a person and the people you interact with. The theories are similar at only the beginning, in the first stage when they talk about tact and how the children develop feelings with the persons they love. And finally another similarity Is that all the stages last till death. In Piglet’s theory you stop developing at age 16, childhood, allotted and elderly. The two theories are different in many ways but both have the same base idea, you could say that Jean and Erik had the same Houghton, but then developed a different concept for finishing their theories. Pigged is one of the most important psychologists of the modern times, and with out a doubt, the most important child psychologist. He is very well recognized around the world for his theory on child development as well as the series of books he has written on it. Jean Piglet’s theory is more about maturation, rather than Erosion’s, that is more about what a person is feeling throughout his or her whole life. His theory has four stages which are: The seismometer stage (0-2 years), the Pre-operational stage (2-7 ears), the concrete operational stage (7-12) and the formal operational stage (12 and above). Teenagers who are 12 and above have a wider range of ideas and they have judgment. Erickson theory has stages begin from the moment in which a person is born, to the moment in which a person dies. He explains how your life can change if a stage in your life isn’t satisfactory. Usually, a teenager isn’t mature enough until he or she has reached an age above 12. How to cite Jean Piaget, Papers Jean Piaget Free Essays There have been many theorist studying and presenting theories about the development of human learning. Theorists like Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, and Jean Piaget – to name a few, have all made significant contribution to the understanding of child growth and development into adulthood. No one theory has all the answers, but an understanding of the complexity of children learning is present in them all in some manner. We will write a custom essay sample on Jean Piaget or any similar topic only for you Order Now One theorist whose works I think presents an accurate view of the development of young children is Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget, a Swiss genetic epistemologist (as he referred to himself), was born on August 9th 1896. From an early age he was researching, studying and presenting papers in the natural sciences, and had achieved a Ph. D. in Zoology by the age of 22. He had three children and placed great importance on education. He studied the development of his children from birth and the use of intelligent test on his own and other children caused him to conclude that children thought differently than adults did, and it was this observation from his research that sparked his interest to understand the nature of thought, how it develops, its genetic impact, and an understanding of how knowledge is acquired and grows through childhood and into adulthood. His research made him conclude that children grouped information they acquired into categories and that these categories can either be expanded when new information is received, or the newly acquired knowledge can be placed into entirely new groupings. He believed that children actively constructed knowledge through hands-on experiences and that the role of adults was to provide the materials that would enable the child to build these experiences. As he studied the cognitive development of children he developed a theory that described their intellectual development and the stages they pass through in the growth of their intelligence and logical thought process. The Four (4) stages of his theory are: (1) The Sensorimotor Stage: The first stage goes from birth to about age two. Children at this stage try to make sense of everything that is around them and their reactions are limited to simple movements and responses using abilities they were born with. They look, cry, smile, laugh, suck, grasp, and listen to learn more about the environment around them. Piaget lists the development of â€Å"Object Permanence† as one of the most important accomplishments at the sensorimotor stage. â€Å"Object Permanence† is the child’s awareness that things still exist even when they cannot see or hear them anymore. A baby will be surprised when you suddenly appear before and then disappear as you play â€Å"Peek-a-boo†, but an older child who has developed a sense of â€Å"Object Permanence† will understand that you still exist and will look around to try to see where you are. The Sensorimotor Stage is further subdivided into six (6) sub-stages that reflect the development of new skills as the child moves from birth to two years old: Reflexes (0 – 1 month): Looking and sucking Primary Circular Reactions (1-4 months): Adding new knowledge or sensation Secondary Circular Reactions (4-8 months): Becoming more aware of the environment and responding to it Coordination of Reactions (8-12 months): Recognizing objects and their qualities Tertiary Circular Reactions (12-18 months): Object Experiencing and Experimenting Early Representational Thought (18-24 months): Understanding and developing thought 2) The Preoperational Stage: This stage spans ages 2 through 7. It is the stage of language development, play and pretending, symbol manipulation, and the understanding of real world objects. However, he conducted many experiments on egocentrism and conservation to show that at this stage the child do not yet have the mental ability to process concrete logic or manipulate intelligent information. He demonstrated that children were unable to take on another person’s perspective with his famous â€Å"Three Mountain Task. Children were shown a 3 dimensional mountain scene then asked to pick a picture of their view, which they clearly could and did. But when asked to pick a picture if another person were looking at it from a different viewpoint they almost always chose their own view of the scene. Although not everyone agreed with his assessment, this stage focuses and is centered on abilities that children clearly have not as yet developed. (3) The Concrete Operational Stage: This stage starts at around age 7 and continues through to around age 11. During this stage children are fairly good at inductive logic with a better understanding of mental operations, yet abstract and hypothetical reasoning confounds them. Using inductive logic they are capable of going from specific deductions to a general deduction, but he determined that they experienced difficulties in using deductive logic to use a general principle to determine a specific one. At this stage the understanding of reversibility (being able to reverse the order of relationship between mental categories) is the most important development. The understanding that the family pet is a dog, that the dog is a German Shepard, and that the dog is an animal; is a most significant skill set at this stage. (4) The Formal Operation Stage: From age 12 and continuing through adulthood, skills such as systematic planning, deductive reasoning, logical thinking, and abstract thoughts are developed. Consequences of actions and possible outcomes are now more relied upon than trial and error and even previous experiences as in the earlier stages of development. Jean Piaget work has made a huge impact in the fields of psychology and children education. He realized that children were not less intelligent than adults but just process the limited information they possessed differently. As they continue towards adulthood changes in their cognitive development leads to changes in cognitive process and abilities. He believed that children cognitive development centers on actions and as they progressed through stages of development, further understanding and advances alter their cognitive reasoning and changes into mental operations. Jean Piaget died September 16th 1980. In his book â€Å"Genetic Epistemology†, he explained: â€Å"What the genetic epistemology proposes is discovering the roots of the different varieties of knowledge, since its elementary forms, following to the next levels, including also the scientific knowledge†. How to cite Jean Piaget, Papers

Threats to the Cyberspace Environment-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Identify common emerging threats, attacks, mitigation and countermeasures in networked information systems. Answer: Identification of Threats and Attacks Standard controls are not adequate in order to stay protected from the aggressive and advanced threats. A multi-layered approach towards cyber security that make use of machine based learning and advanced system of analytics would be essential in order to defend themselves against multiple stage attacks [1]. These attacks includes: Ransomware, IoT Botnets, Phishing attacks, Machine Learning aided attacks. Ransomware: In the recent times, the holding of the data of the organizations has increased rapidly. The amount that was paid to the developers of malware shows the increasing penetration of this technology within the internet network. IoT Botnets: An enormous DDoS attack in the year 2016 had proved that the current systems were inefficient regarding the scope of the recently designed cyber-attacks [2]. Phishing attacks: The phishing is defined as a concept in which the hackers would send deceitful emails from verified accounts for the purpose of targeting businesses with the help of individual members of the staff [12]. Machine Learning aided attacks: According to a latest report by Intel Security firm, it has been reported that the technology of machine learning is majorly been used in order to launch attacks on social engineering. Potential Damages The attacks based on cyber security can have a major impact on the internet based network. The threats and attacks that are being posed on the cyber security could cause a major harm to the computer systems. Ransomware: This kind of attack if posed on a system could lead to loss of information if the affected user does not pay the required amount within the proper time [9]. IoT botnet: The IoT botnet could manipulate the other devices. These could be easily enabled by penetrating into a single connected device and thus transferring the virus from that device to other devices and thus gain vital information [11]. Phishing attacks: These kind of cyber-attacks is deceitful as the attacks would firstly pose itself as a trustful email and then it would make the systems vulnerable whenever the user would click on the email. Clicking on the email would enable the tagged attachment and it would start its functioning. It would release a malware that is capable of stealing valuable data. Machine Learning aided attacks: In these kind of attacks, when the hackers would be able to gain direct access to the public data, they could make use of tools for the complex analysis in order to pick targets in a precise manner [8]. Challenges/Issues Based on the attacks and threats that are being faced by cyber security, it can be said that there are various challenges and issues to the security of internet technology [6]. The main challenges or the issues faced by security firms are: Design: Security experts suggest that an effective measure for security is an important aspect of the cyberspace. The developers of the security of the cyberspace have mainly focused on the various features of cyberspace. Many of the future needs for security cannot be predicted, which could pose an extreme challenge for the designers [7]. Environment: Cyberspace has been regarded as the major evolving technology in the history of computers. Social media, big data, IoT, cloud computing, mobile computing are some of the technologies that have complicated the evolving environment of threats to the cyber security. Incentives: The structure for the incentives of the economy for cybersecurity could be regarded as distorted. Cyber related crimes are often considered as profitable, cheap and safe for the criminals. In contrast to that, the security of the networks could be expensive. The returns of economic investment are also unsure. Mitigation and Countermeasure Strategies The information based infrastructures that are shared across private and public domains have the capability of sharing various common attributes that are in relation with IT based deployments and the communication of data. The integration strategies for multi-networking often leads to different kinds of vulnerabilities [4]. This could be helpful in reducing the security features of an organization. The different kinds of mitigation and strategies of countermeasure are described as follows: Regular Backup: The regular backup of software and the configuration settings should be retained for a minimum period of three months. This process is extremely vital in order to diminish the data, which is encrypted or which could be deleted with the help of some ransomware [5]. Continuity of Business and Plans for Disaster Recovery: The plans are being tested, documented and then they are printed on a softcopy that could be stored in the online platform. Capabilities of System-Recovery: The capabilities for the recovery of the system can assist with the mitigation of the destructive malware, malicious files that are meant to penetrate into the systems and other threats that can affect the cyberspace [10]. Personnel Management: It could be defined as the ongoing examination for different users who have privileged access. It would disable every account of departing users and would thus be able to remind users of their obligations of penalties and security [3]. Conclusion Based on the above report, it could be concluded that cyber security is a major aspect in the field of computing. The threats to the cyberspace environment could yield vital results for the future prospect of business and other organizations. Though there are many threats related to the cyberspace environment, yet stringent measures could help in mitigating the associated risks. References Von Solms, Rossouw, and Johan Van Niekerk. "From information security to cyber security."computers security38 (2013): 97-102. Bertino, Elisa, and Nayeem Islam. "Botnets and internet of things security."Computer50, no. 2 (2017): 76-79. Wang, W., Lu, Z. (2013). Cyber security in the smart grid: Survey and challenges.Computer Networks,57(5), 1344-1371. Cavelty, Myriam Dunn. "Breaking the cyber-security dilemma: Aligning security needs and removing vulnerabilities."Science and Engineering Ethics20, no. 3 (2014): 701-715. Lu, P., Zhang, L., Liu, X., Yao, J., Zhu, Z. (2015). Highly efficient data migration and backup for big data applications in elastic optical inter-data-center networks.IEEE Network,29(5), 36-42. Wang, Wenye, and Zhuo Lu. "Cyber security in the smart grid: Survey and challenges."Computer Networks57, no. 5 (2013): 1344-1371. Gunes, Volkan, Steffen Peter, Tony Givargis, and Frank Vahid. "A survey on concepts, applications, and challenges in cyber-physical systems."KSII Transactions on Internet Information Systems8, no. 12 (2014). Joseph, Anthony D., Pavel Laskov, Fabio Roli, J. Doug Tygar, and Blaine Nelson. "Machine learning methods for computer security (Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 12371)." InDagstuhl Manifestos, vol. 3, no. 1. Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, 2013. Hampton, Nikolai, and Zubair A. Baig. "Ransomware: Emergence of the cyber-extortion menace." (2015). White, Gregory B., Eric A. Fisch, and Udo W. Pooch.Computer system and network security. CRC press, 2017. Bertino, Elisa, and Nayeem Islam. "Botnets and internet of things security."Computer50, no. 2 (2017): 76-79. Halevi, Tzipora, James Lewis, and Nasir Memon. "A pilot study of cyber security and privacy related behavior and personality traits." InProceedings of the 22nd International Conference on World Wide Web, pp. 737-744. ACM, 2013

Midwifery Care for Social and Psychological- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMidwifery Carefor Social, Physical and Psychological. Answer: Midwifery care refers to the healthcare and support provided by midwives to the expectant mothers. It entails care during the pregnancy period, which is just before birth, the postpartum period and the care for the newborn babies. The process monitors the mothers holistic wellbeing in terms of social, physical and psychological during the childbearing cycle. The mother is provided with prenatal care, counseling, and education individually all with the aim of preventing health problems (Iserin, 2013). Midwifery care is important as it helps to detect any abnormal condition in the expectant mother hence preventing health complications during pregnancy. It also helps the expectant mother to seek medical assistance if necessary and setting up of emergency measures in instances whereby medical help is absent. Therefore, the essay will discuss the role midwives play to improve the health outcome for women with the cardiac disease during their pregnancy. Cardiac disease refers to the conditions which affect the heart whereby there are fatty deposits in the blood vessels; arteries leading to the patient being exposed to high chances of having blood clots. Pregnant mothers who have such a condition may be very sickly during the pregnancy period and their emotional requirements will be high, their needs may also be diverse showing potential complications. In this case, the midwifery care should entail aspects of cardiology and the midwives should be sensitive to the expectant mothers emotions to provide them with the emotional care needed due to their health conditions, this is imperative in order to improve their health condition Expectant mothers with cardiac disease should be taken care of by a multidisciplinary team comprising of a cardiac nurse, neonatologist, cardiologist, hematologist, and a specialized midwife and if pre-conception counseling has not been done, the wide wife should get a referral. The expectant mothers cardiac health should undergo frequent check, assessing the heart rhythm and the auscultation of both the heart and lungs. Midwifery assessment is important such as evaluating of drugs and their dosage during the antenatal period (Reimold Rutherford, 2014). During labor here should be the careful administration of the drugs that stop premature labor, this drugs should be friendly to the health condition and proper timing and mode of delivery should be taken into consideration. A close level of midwifery care is also important after birth. In conclusion, women with the heart conditions must get good preconception health care before getting pregnant as it may help prevent the death of some of them who may not be fit to give birth. Surgical correction of any problem discovered before pregnancy may also be helpful in terms of better outcome. It is also important for pregnant women with heart conditions to undergo auscultation of the lungs and heart because such conditions worsen during pregnancy and a referral to a more specialized practitioner may be helpful. These mothers are also advised to get pregnant at an early age. However, women to get pregnant at a later age should consider psychological support and midwifery that is evidenced-based. References Iserin L (2011) Management of pregnancy in women with congenital heart disease. Heart 85(5):493-494 Lee R (2015) Thromboembolism in pregnancy: a continuing conundrum. Annals of Internal Medicine 43(10):749-750 Reimold S, Rutherford J (2013) Valvular heart disease in pregnancy. The New England Journal of Medicine 349(1):52-60 Weiss B, Hess O (2010) Pulmosry vascular disease and pregnancy: current controversies, management and perspectives. European Heart journal 21,104-05

Appointment Dates For Admissions Essay Samples

Appointment Dates For Admissions Essay SamplesAdmissions departments are very meticulous when it comes to conducting their own essay samples, in particular when an applicant is seeking a qualified representative for an interview. Therefore, students should consider employing an experienced staff member in order to write his or her very own admission essay. He or she can offer useful advice on how to prepare the perfect essay.Applicants often fear that an untrained and unqualified writer will not be able to construct the information needed to complete the job application for future employment opportunities. This could happen even more if an applicant has personal financial commitments that require a significant amount of time to research and create the information for an essay. However, this danger is simply a myth, since an experienced and trained writer can offer a valuable service.The applicants would be well-advised to seek a prospective essay writer who is familiar with the emplo yment profile of the applicant. This person should have a background in various areas including economics, sociology, business, sociology, education, law, health, psychology, and engineering. These fields are the most sought after, and therefore it is wise to hire someone who has vast experience with them.Another factor to consider is the appointment dates. Since an applicant is seeking for employment that is very early, it is necessary to choose someone who has excellent communication skills and excellent interpersonal skills. Any applicant who lacks these will encounter difficulties during interviews and in the interview process itself.The assistant's assistantship essay sample is one of the most important parts of the entire admissions process. It should provide insight into the applicant's personality, background, potential, interest, and abilities. Although the applicant may have many similarities to others interviewed for the position, it is still important for him or her to h ighlight what is different about them.It is also important to consider the appointment dates when it comes to the assistantship essay sample. If the applicant is making plans to visit college campuses in the near future, then they should prepare the best essay in advance. This should include using the online resources to create an outline, conceptualize a strong opening statement, and so on.The appointment dates are a good indicator of when the essay sample will be completed. Once it is submitted, it is only then that it will be evaluated by the admissions advisor. An applicant may not need to worry about deadlines, but it is still smart to ensure the completion date.

Celta Lesson Plan Speaking and Writitng in Past Continuous Essay Example

Celta Lesson Plan Speaking and Writitng in Past Continuous Paper |Name |Date |Lesson no. Start time |Length | | |30-11-11 |3 |14:00 |40 minutes | |Melissa Sanchez | | | | | |Class (level, nationalities, comments) | | | | | |Pre-intermediate | | |Turkish, Syrian, Mexican, Chinese. | |Lesson aims |Assumptions (about what the students already know/can do) | | | | |Skills: Speaking (fluency practice of Past simple and Continuous) and Writing (a narrative) |The Ss may be able to use the Past simple and continuous when speaking and writing. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Anticipated problems with tasks and materials |Planned solutions | | | | |The Ss might find the new vocabulary difficult. |I will ask other Ss to help their peers by describing the word or using it in a sentence. Also, I will | | |prepare pictures of some difficult or new vocabulary to show them to reinforce the meaning. | | | | |The Ss may not understand the tasks. |I will ask them to explain the task in their own words. | | | | | | | | | |My personal aims for this l esson are to †¦ |Teaching materials | |Use simple instructions to explain the tasks and monitor the activities correctly. | | | |Photocopies, pictures. |and not to †¦ | | |Spend too much time writing on the board. | | | | | |Time |Stage name interaction |Procedure |Tutor’s comments | |How long will each |e. g. lead-in, listening for gist |What do you plan to do and why? What will Ss do? | | |stage take? †¦ |Please use 2 pages (or more) for Procedure | | | |TSs, SS etc | | | | | | | | |15:20 |Building a context |Use the pictures from previous teachers to elicit some vocabulary to create the context. | | | |T-Ss | | | | | |Explain to the Ss that they need to put some pictures in order to create a story. | | | | |Mention that the labels (a-i) in the pictures do not give the correct order. | | | |Write on the board: The jogger’s wallet. | | |15:23 |Pre teach new vocabulary |Ask them to think any vocabulary they think they need to tell the story. If necessary | | | | |ask them the meaning of: to go jogging, to bump into, to knock somebody to the ground, | | | |T-Ss |to sprint. | | | |Write the new vocabulary on the board eliciting and highlighting stress. Drilling. | | | | |Put the Ss in pairs (or groups). | | | | |Check for understanding with Qs: | | | | |Can you follow the labels to create the story? | | | |Hand out a jumbled set of pictures to each pair (or group). | | |15:30 |Ss-T |Ask some Ss to come to the board to write the order of their story. | | | | | | | | | |Ask each pair to tell you their version of the story. | | |Ss-T | | | | | |Ask the Ss to guess what the jogger is doing in each picture. | | | | |Read the story so they can check if they had the correct order. | | | | | | | |15:35 | |Ask them to tell each other the story. Monitor the conversations. Take notes of any | | | | |mistakes. Give feedback. | | |15:55 |Freer spoken practice | | | | |Ss-Ss | | | | | |Tell the Ss they will write the story adding more details. | | | | | | | |T-Ss |Each pair (or group) will write a sentence of the story and pass it to the next pair to | | | | |check and write the next part of the story. | | | |Freer written practice |Collect the story and explain you will mark it and give it back next class. | | |Ss-Ss | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | We will write a custom essay sample on Celta Lesson Plan Speaking and Writitng in Past Continuous specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Celta Lesson Plan Speaking and Writitng in Past Continuous specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Celta Lesson Plan Speaking and Writitng in Past Continuous specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

5 excuses that won’t work for calling out during the “bomb cyclone”

5 excuses that won’t work for calling out during the â€Å"bomb cyclone† So you may or may not have heard about the weather forecast for January 4th 2018. Well here’s a quick update on what to expect. There will be a bomb cyclone up ahead for the East Coast. What’s a bomb cyclone you may ask? Well according to USA Today, a bomb cyclone occurs through the process of  bombogenesis, which is basically a winter hurricane. There will be heavy snow, wind, and below freezing temperatures ahead in the forecast. Be prepared! Some areas are expected to get nearly a foot or more of snow. Even with the arctic conditions up ahead calling out of work may not be an option for some. But if you are still planning to stay home under a warm blanket with a hot cup of cocoa, these 5 excuses for calling out of work will not cut it.  Ã‚  Ã‚  My car is snowed in.via GIPHY2. I slipped and fell on my way out the door.via GIPHY3. I don’t own any snow boots/ snow gear.via GIPHY4. I tried to come in but the children on my block threw snowballs at me and now I am in the hospital.via GIPHY5. It is way too cold to be outside.via GIPHYThere you have it. These 5 excuses will not work tomorrow. Good luck, be safe, and keep warm during the bomb cyclone. The first snow storm of 2018.